Chronic Periodontitis Essay

Non-modifiable risk factors for chronic periodontitis involving genetic factors (36). People who are genotype positive for IL-1 (IL-1A and IL-1B) genes were found in one study of more than 100 patients to had higher levels of virulent bacterial species than those of genotype-negative patients. Additionally, genotype-positive patients were found to have higher counts of individual virulent bacterial species in pockets deeper than 6 mm, including T. forsythia (B. forsythus), P. gingivalis, and T. denticola (37). The importance of genetics is also suggested by experimental studies on the influence of the balance between protective and destructive chemical mediators as well as signaling pathways and gene expression (38). Host response by poorly regulated immune response to bacterial infection rather than the directly destruction of the bacterial pathogens themselves (36). Also, osteoporosis can change the alveolar bone density but does not affect the clinical attachment level (39).Ageing is associated with an increased incidence of chronic periodontitis (40)
Clinical features of chronic periodontitis
The main clinical features of chronic periodontitis …show more content…
The clinical signs of chronic periodontitis as inflammation, pocket formation, attachment loss, and alveolar bone loss are believed to be caused by the direct effects of sub-gingival plaque accumulation. This explains why pocket formation, attachment loss and bone loss may occur on one surface of a tooth while other surfaces maintain normal attachment levels.(46) In addition, chronic periodontitis may be described as being localized, when few sites of the periodontium affected by attachment and bone loss (30% of the sites assessed in the mouth demonstrate attachment loss and bone loss), or generalized, when many sites of the periodontium are affected (when 30% or more of the sites assessed in the mouth demonstrate attachment loss and bone loss)