Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Analysis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a respiratory disease which leads by the abnormal inflammation of the lungs. It response to the inhalation of toxic gases, pollutants, and cigarette smoke. The chronic inflammation creates difficulty to breath. In overall, more than five hundred peoplesare diagonised with COPD. It classified as chronic bronchitis and Emphysema.Our lungs are spongy tissues, Bronchi which inside the lung which connected to the Trachea the wind pipe, the bronchi is expended to Bronchioles then the Bronchioles are connected to the grape like structure called Alveoli, then the Alveoli is surrounded by the capillary tubes. When we inhaled the air which goes …show more content…
The pollutant contains Elastase which are all the enzymes which breakdown the elastic fibres in the lung. There is a protein and it is the hereditary material which present in 22 chromosome which prevents the tissues from the Elastases . Emphysema is one type of COPD which causes permanent enlargement of Airsacs in the lungs. Mainly the air exchange occurs in Alveoli,it intake the oxygen and exhale the canbondioxide once the Alveoli is affected the air exchange becomes difficult and the air becomes trapped. Chronic bronchitis is another type which cause the irritation in the lungs, the irritation causes the increased amount of mucous in the bronchiole which leads to cough,drought …show more content…
In other hand systemic manifestation, the result of inflammation process it causes oxidative stress is disturbing the normal redox reaction the cells which causes toxic effects by the peroxides that damages the cell and it components and other macromolecules. COPD affects the cytokine mechanism which are all important for cell signaling, it causes the Anorexia and peripheral muscle dysfunction. It involves in the pathogenesis, antiprotease inactivation, mucous hypersecretion , cell damage . In the view of weight loss mechanism with copd under several conditions,Due to hypoxemia(reduced amount of oxygen), due the low tendency of Leptin mechanism which affected by inflammatory mediators such as Elastases, due to the changes in protein metabolism incause of Antiprotease inactivation. The patient have the copd changes in respiratory muscles which classified as intrinsic and extrinsic. the extrinsic factors are geometric changes in the chest wall lung volume. intrinsic factors changes the muscle fiber size, sarcomere length, muscle