Chromium (Cr) is one of the most toxic chemical compounds due to the common use of chromium compounds in industry in addition to its natural sources (Costa et al., 2003). Exposure to chromium occurs via contaminants found in drinking water and food, through air containing particulates or mists of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) compounds, or through skin contact with soil at hazardous waste sites (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2013).
Cr (VI) may be found in drinking water source supplies as a contaminant resulting from various industrial processes including electroplating operations, leather tanning, textile manufacturing, wood preservation, photography & photoengraving and cooling systems. They release relatively large amounts of chromium in surface waters. Additionally, their solid wastes if disposed improperly in landfills may be sources for groundwater contamination. However, leaching from topsoil and rocks is the most important natural source of chromium entry into bodies of water (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2000; Blacksmith Institute, 2007; National Toxicology Program (NTP), 2008; Trif et al., 2010). …show more content…
Moreover, Soudani et al. (2010) found that chromium induced injury can be inhibited by non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, vitamin E, N-acetylcystein and garlic powder.
Based on the above information, the aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effect of GSE on chromium induced toxicity to tongue.
Cr (VI) may be found in drinking water source supplies as a contaminant resulting from various industrial processes including electroplating operations, leather tanning, textile manufacturing, wood preservation, photography & photoengraving and cooling systems. They release relatively large amounts of chromium in surface waters. Additionally, their solid wastes if disposed improperly in landfills may be sources for groundwater contamination. However, leaching from topsoil and rocks is the most important natural source of chromium entry into bodies of water (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2000; Blacksmith Institute, 2007; National Toxicology Program (NTP), 2008; Trif et al., 2010). …show more content…
Moreover, Soudani et al. (2010) found that chromium induced injury can be inhibited by non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, vitamin E, N-acetylcystein and garlic powder.
Based on the above information, the aim of this study is to evaluate the possible protective effect of GSE on chromium induced toxicity to tongue.