During the time frame from 1880 to 1934 the Native Americans experienced forced assimilation which is what Chester Nez describes in the book, “Code Talker” (Bruchac). The Indian Office promoted this as a laboratory in social engineering by breaking up the “habits of savage life” by instilling “civilized” values through forced education, by insisting on agricultural labor and by pushing the notion of private property and the development of monetary funds. (Sons, Gale, & Learning, 2003)
By the end of 1934 the passage of the Indian Reorganization Act had been implemented because of the failed forced assimilation and deplorable living conditions on reservations. Many of the people living on the reservations had been plagued by poverty, ill health, poor education and socio economic dependency. The most important part of this Reorganization Act reverted over 2 million acres of land back to Indian holdings and 7 million more acres of leased grazing