It was the famous psychologist John Locke that theorized that children were born with a blank slate in which parents and society easily transmitted their value and belief systems to …show more content…
488). On the other hand, parenting practices have been defined as the “specific behaviors that parents use to socialize their children” (p. 127, Spera, 2005). Although some researchers have used “parenting style” and “parenting practice” interchangeably, others have suggested it is important to distinguish them (Spera,2005).
Since the 1960s child psychologists have been studying parenting styles and have created the “pillar theory” as the basic model of parenting which have defined three standard types of parenting; authoritative, authoritarian and permissive.
Authoritative parenting is described as reasonable demands and high responsiveness. While having high expectations, these parents also are seen to provide them with the resources and support they need to succeed. Love and warmth is provided by the parents who exhibit this style as well as listening to their children and providing limits and reasonable …show more content…
A belief and practice that every person is unique and self-reliant. Members of this type of society see each other as loosely linked and value personal goals above that of a group which would include family not just others in the community. The population is more diverse and emphasis is placed on personal achievements.
Children in this culture are taught from a very young age to think for themselves and uncover their unique purpose in life and how they can individually contribute to society. The path to happiness is through personal fulfillment. Cultural anthropologists have found in multiple studies that the overriding goal of individualist parenting styles, such as Britian, is to make a child independent and self-reliant (Small, 2002).
Heron’s 1994 study of middle class English children found children who never slept in their parents bed tended to be harder to control, less happy, exhibited a greater number of tantrums and were more fearful than children who always slept in their parents bed. Lewis and Janda in a 1988 study determined that males who co-slept with their parents between birth and five years of age had significantly higher self-esteem and experienced less guilt and