Quarkonia Essay

Improved Essays
In this work, we assume two different potentials for the initial and final heavy quarkonia and the intermediary hybrid states. The most popular potential form for the study of heavy quarkonia is the Cornell potential [11] V(r)= -κ/r + b r (2.13)
Usually many authors prefer α_s (r) instead of κ. The relation between them is κ=(4α_s (r))/3 and α_s (r) can treated as constant for bb ̅ and cc ̅ quarkonia. It may be more reasonable to choose a modified Cornell potential which includes the spin-related term [12], the modified potential is V(r)= -κ/r + b r+V_s (r)+V_0
…show more content…
[12] it was set to be zero, but fix it by fitting the spectra of heavy …show more content…
(Nosheen paper : higher hybrid charmonia in an ext pot model )
3.7 Characteristics of Hybrid Charmonium Mesons
We use the following quark anti-quark effective potential for the conventional meson [17]
V_(qq ̅ ) (r)= -(4α_s (r))/3r + b r+〖(32πα_s (r))/(9m_c^2 )(σ/√π)〗^3 e^(-σ^2 r^2 ) 〖□S〗_c .□(〖□( S)〗_c ̅ )+1/(m_c^2 ) [((2α_s)/r^3 -b/2r)L.S+(4α_s)/r^3 T]
L.S=[J(J+1)-L(L+1)-S(S+1)]/2
To describe the hybrid meson in BO approximation, we used the static potential V_(qq ̅)^h in place of V_(qq ̅)^h
V_(qq ̅)^h (r)=V_(qq ̅ ) (r)+V_g (r)
Where V_g (r) is the gluonic potential whose functional form varies with the level of gluonic excitation. This potential and the corresponding gluonic states are labeled by the magnitude of the projection of total angular momentum of gluons onto quark anti-quark (Λ=0,1,2… corresponding to Greek letters Σ,Π,Δ….) and the behavior of projection under the combined operation of spatial inversion and charge conjugation. In the present work we study the hybrid in which the gluons are in the first excitation state Λ=1 this state is represented by label Π_u. Radial differential equation for the hybrid mesons is given

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    – equation (2 gives info on location of electron in terms of probability density - wave functions are called orbitals – [pic], where E is energy, e2 is electric potential, r is orbital radius and h is Planck ’s constant 1925 Wolfgang Pauli – each orbital has only 2 electrons is now explained due to direction of spin of electrons. Spinning electrons create magnetic field. Only 2 electrons of opposite spin in an orbital referred to as Pauli exclusion principle Hund’s rule – half fill each orbital before adding second electron…

    • 1002 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Nmr Case Study

    • 1157 Words
    • 5 Pages

    1.Please explain how medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exploits the magnetic properties of the nucleus. MRI exploits the process known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In fact the technique used to be called simply NMR or NMR imaging, but the “nuclear” was dropped because of the connotation of radiation hazards from unstable nuclear sources, although there is no logical rationale for such fear.…

    • 1157 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The second is when an anion replaces another; written using generic symbols, the equation is A + XY ---> XA…

    • 832 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Tetraquark Research Paper

    • 596 Words
    • 3 Pages

    A group of related, fascinating particles, each made up of four quarks, has been found. The finding could hold pieces of information about the advancement of the universe, the analysts said. The four freshly discovered tetraquarks, now called X(4140), X(4274), X(4500) and X(4700), each are made out of two quarks and two antiquarks (the antimatter accomplices of quarks). However each of the freshly discovered particles has an alternate mass and distinctive subatomic properties.…

    • 596 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Beryllium Research Paper

    • 210 Words
    • 1 Pages

    My element is beryllium and I am going to tell you some things about it. I picked beryllium because its chemical symbol is BE so I thought it was the best because BE is in best so i pick it. I constructed my model with a pringles box which i cut one of the sides and put paper around it. Next i got cheetos, candy corn, skittles and starburst.…

    • 210 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Influence Electrons

    • 253 Words
    • 2 Pages

    This result is due to the increased number of occupied energy levels; consequently, the effective nuclear charge will decrease.…

    • 253 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    3.3. Mulliken Atomic charges analysis Mulliken atomic charge calculation has an important physical property of the quantum chemical calculation of molecular system because of the atomic charge effect, electronic structure and more a lot of properties of molecular systems [19].The possible molecular bonding of a compound depends on the electronic charge existing on the chelating atoms [20]. The charge changes with basis set presumably occur due to polarization. The charge distribution of (C20 is 0.0783, B 32 is 0.6508) atom is decreasing trend for (Si32 is 1.1538) atom. Considering all the methods and basis set used in the atomic charge calculation exhibit a substantial negative charge of oxygen and nitrogen atoms, which are donor atom as shown in Fig 4.…

    • 1025 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    We have seen change and transformation are the impending principles of the existence. This is the outcome of the involution of the OM. When there is no possibility of continuing this in the exhibited form the Chit leaves it and it is pronounced dead. This may happen at two levels.…

    • 924 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    ∇.(ρ_g u ⃗_g u ⃗_g ) = -∇p_g+1/ε(1-s) ∇.(μ_g ∇u ⃗_g ) -μ_g/K u ⃗_g Species conservation:…

    • 868 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Circular Dichroism (CD) fundamentals. CD is defined as the difference between absorptions of left (Al) and right (Ar) circularly polarized light beams, CD= Al-Ar For each absorption band, the CD of two enantiomers are always exactly opposite.…

    • 943 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Cartesian Hydrodynamics

    • 2175 Words
    • 9 Pages

    astrophysical plasma plasma magnetohydrodynamics plasma transport processes Poisson equation 5230CvMagnetohydrodynamics (including electron magnetohydrodynamics) 5272+vLaboratory studies of space- and astrophysical-plasma processes 5225FiTransport properties I. INTRODUCTION There has been significant recent work on Vlasov-Maxwell (VM) equilibria that are consistent with nonlinear force-free1–8 and “nearly force-free”9 magnetic fields in Cartesian geometry. Therein, force-free refers to a magnetic field for which the associated current density is exactly parallel, which is the definition we shall also use ∇×B = μ0j, j×B=0.These works consider one-dimensional (1D) collisionless current sheets, with Refs.…

    • 2175 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the benchmark model, the dark energy component has an equation of state parameter wΛ= -1. There are other models where wΛ is dynamic…

    • 1125 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Fig: Schematic representation of LHC and it's detectors The primary objective of LHC is to answer the following questions: 1. Why some particles are heavier than others? If the Higgs mechanism is valid? 2.…

    • 1366 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Heat Conduction Theory

    • 1748 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Heat conduction mechanism represents the energy loss at the particle surface due to the collisions with the surrounding gas molecules. There is no simple theory to explain the cooling mechanism of the particles. During the laser pulse, the particle achieves the peak temperature and emit thermal signal. After the laser pulse duration, the particle starts to cool down. The cooling of the particles is characterized by a decay function.…

    • 1748 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    SWAN Model Analysis

    • 1459 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Model descriptions SWAN model The SWAN model [12,18] is based on the spectral action balance equation rather than the spectral energy balance equation. The evolution of the action density N is governed by Komen et al. [13]: ∂N/∂t+∇_x ⃗ ∙[((c_g ) ⃗+U ⃗ )N]+(∂c_θ N)/∂θ+(∂c_σ N)/∂σ=…

    • 1459 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays