Categorical Variable Definition Essay

Great Essays
1. Replication (McMillan pg. 36)
• Definition: A study that copies or is very similar to a previous study; replication of previous studies is done to add new knowledge (McMillan, 2012, pg. 36)
• Example: I could replicate a study done showing that homework is ineffective in improving students’ academic performance to confirm or disconfirm the theory.
2. Categorical Variable (McMillan pg. 41)
• Definition: assigns someone or something to a certain group based on certain characteristics (McMillan, 2012, pg. 41)
• Example: Some of the ways researchers categorize is based on age, gender, and grade.
3. Research Hypothesis (McMillan pg. 48)
• Definition: a statement made by the researcher that communicates what they think they will find (McMillan, 2012, pg. 48)
• Example: An example
…show more content…
Sampling bias (McMillan pg. 112)
• Definition: when the researcher selects participants in order to have the outcome they want; choosing participants who will perform the way you need them to in order to get the results you need to support your theory (McMillan, 2012, pg. 112)
• Example: If a researcher were conducting a research study on the School to Prison Pipeline to see if there was a disproportion of black students being suspended for similar offenses and they only chose predominately black schools (a higher population of black students would show more black students being suspended).
9. Evaluation (McMillan pg. 118)
• Definition: using knowledge about something to make decisions regarding it (McMillan, 2012, pg. 118)
• Example: Time on task and student-teacher interaction is information used to evaluate if a teacher has effective classroom management.

10. Validity (McMillan pg. 131)
• Definition: when what is inferred is logical or reasonable and has evidence to back it up (McMillan, 2012, pg. 131)
• Example: They have to decide if the test given to students at the state level (FSA) is valid in measuring student achievement on the standards.
11. Norm-referenced (McMillan pg.

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    The four research terms that are new to my understanding are response bias, descriptive analysis, quasi-experiment, and true experiment. • Response bias is the effect of nonresponse on a survey. How would results change if those who had not response would have responded. • Descriptive analysis is an analysis of all data for independent and dependent variables in the study. • Quasi-experiment has to do with participants.…

    • 368 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    However, it is possible for each study to have a bias in the research.…

    • 672 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    1. “When investigating a large population, it is often impractical and usually unnecessary to measure all the elements in the population of interest. Typically, a relatively small number of subject or cases is selected from the larger population.” (McMillian, 2012, p.96) According to McMillian (2012), population is a target you want to study to develop knowledge and to create action plans to assist those individuals.…

    • 1055 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The purpose of assessments The National Early Childhood Assessment Resource Group summarized the purposes for appropriate uses of assessment in the early childhood years as follows: Purpose 1: Assessing to promote children’s learning and development; Purpose 2: Identifying children for health and social services; Purpose 3: Monitoring trends and evaluating programs and services Purpose 4: Assessing academic achievement to hold individual students, teachers, and schools accountable” Source: (Shepard, Kagan, Lynn, & Wurtz, 1998). (pg.3) Principles and Recommendations for Early Childhood Assessments All early childhood assessments involve a process of gathering information about children to better understand and support learning and development.…

    • 725 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    1. hypothesis - what you expect to find and why, be specific (check proposal for more deets) 2. the types of masculinity marketed to people in the media a. and then specifically movies and TV 3. what role masculinity plays in reinforcing gender 4.…

    • 128 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Great Essays

    Scientific Method

    • 616 Words
    • 3 Pages

    In our textbook, the Scientific Method is addressed along with different designs in research. The steps in the scientific method include: 1) Identify a question of scientific interest, 2) Form a hypothesis, 3) Choose a research method and research design, 4) Collect data to test the hypothesis and 5)Draw conclusions and form new questions and hypothesis. The main methods used in research of human development are: 1) Questionnaires, 2) Interviews, 3) Observations, 4) Ethnographic Research, 5)Case Studies, 6) Biological Measurements, 7) Experimental Research, and 8) Natural Experiments. Lots of questions come to mind when thinking of scientific research. The conclusion is based on data collected.…

    • 616 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Nt1310 Unit 5 Exercise 1

    • 681 Words
    • 3 Pages

    1. Measures – p.117 – techniques or instruments used for measurement, referring to quantitative devices Researches can use different instruments to determine the level of concussion a player may have sustained 2. Nominal Scale – p.119 – a type of measurement that classifies a category based on numbers Concussions are measured using a nominal scale of 1-5, one being least severe and five being the most severe. 3. Frequency Distribution – p.121 - a type of measurement that helps organize data by grouping the data based on the number of times the same score was achieved…

    • 681 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Coffee Shop Starbucks The main goals on a naturalistic observation are collecting systematic observations, we need to establish any relationship among any variables, correlational research and establish cause and any effect relationships. By doing an observation of any behavior we’ll learn any behavior that goes around the world, we will able to retain any element of ecological validity because the situation being studied exists in the natural ecology of the species. It will help us establish any external validity of the research findings. By observing any behavior that occur in the real world, in real life it will very easy to say and explain the results of any general population.…

    • 1604 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    1. Research the problem There has been an ongoing debate about general senses to discover whether animals’ or humans’ senses are keener or unique from others. 2. State…

    • 1087 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A hypothesis is an educated guess based upon observation, but what has not yet been proved. One can speculate about a possible outcome with regards to research, but speculation can become evidence when it supports a hypothesis through careful research methods and analysis. Facts are evidenced that can be verified and replicated. Depression is a serious mental health issue affecting nearly 16 million adults each year or roughly “7%” of the American population (nami.org, n.d.) Depression affects people of all ages, races and socioeconomic status (nami.org, n.d.).…

    • 684 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The expectations of psychology research are that it will increase knowledge and will promote welfare among all human beings. The ethical obligations include professional competency, honesty, integrity, confidentiality, fairness, objectivity, and public safety (National Research Council, 2009). These expectations of professional ethical conduct is not only advocated and recognized as an ideal, but also practiced to enforce codes of ethics associated with testing. The approach taken by a professional to enforce its code of ethics is intended to promote a greater understanding what constitutes ethical assessment practices and not to be confused with informal and formal enforcement (National Research Council, 2009).…

    • 1020 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Falsificationism Karl Popper asserts that the scientific status of a theory is derived from that theories potential for refutation. Theories outlining experimental results that (if observed) could refute the theory are classified as scientific. Theories that lack this content are classified as pseudoscience. Popper uses this distinction to preface his scientific view: falsificationism.…

    • 820 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Groupthink In 12 Angry Men

    • 1168 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Society is remarkably quick to judge a situation without thoroughly investigating it. During the movie 12 Angry Men, the old saying that you cannot judge a book by its cover, truly comes to life. This movie shows and explains the process that the jury on each case go through. It shows how each juror goes through the process of determining whether the defendant is guilty or not. Throughout the duration of this paper, you will be provided definitions and examples of three ways that this movie relates to Communications 1010.…

    • 1168 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    “People who do not understand themselves have a craving for understanding” (Wilhelm Stekel). The human mind is highly complex and very difficult to study since thought processes and feelings cannot be seen. The term psychology is composed of two Greek words: Psyche, which means spirit or soul, and Logia, which translates to the study of something. So what is Psychology?…

    • 1555 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    3.8. DEDUCTIVE RESEARCH “A deductive approach is concerned with developing a hypothesis (or hypotheses) based on existing theory, and then designing a research strategy to test the hypothesis” (Wilson, 2010:7) Monette et al (2005: 34) further explains deductive approach by the means of hypotheses, which can be derived from the propositions of the theory. In other words, deductive approach is concerned with deducting conclusions from premises or propositions. “Deduction begins with an expected pattern that is tested against observations, whereas induction begins with observations and seeks to find a pattern within them” (Babbie, 2010: 52). Is has been stated that “deductive means reasoning from the particular to the general.…

    • 1705 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays