In the case of Ted Bradford, he spent 10 years in prison accused of rapping a woman in Yakima Washington on September 29, 1995. The woman was in her house with her child when she heard a noise and realized a man was walking towards her. The man manipulated her and raped her. The man demanded for the victim to not look at him at any point. He handcuffed her and put a Lone Ranger-style mask over her face. The victim told the police some factors of the man who raped her such as his ethnicity, hair color and his height. The estimator variables are variables that are clearly identified such as viewing conditions which include lighting, viewing time, clarity of view, distance and disguise. Also, the cross-race effect, that it indicates that someone
