In this case based review the author will present the cardiac imaging technique that used to assess myocardial viability of a 59 year old male who was admitted with a chest pain. Patient experiencing ischemia may have symptoms of nausea, angina, or pain in the chest. As major risk factors of ischemia include CAD, coronary artery anomalies or Cardiomyopathy, the patient had an angiogram scan which showed a complex multi-vessel disease of the coronary arteries (Koulaouzidis, 2013). CMR was requested to assess myocardial viability , thus help in making decision regarding surgery or Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the patient. CMR was the modality of choice since it is the reference standard for assessing viable myocardium, infarct
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The Siemens MAGNETOM scanner has high performance gradients with a Peak Gradient Amplitude of 45 milli Tesla per metre with a short Gradient Rise Time of 200 microseconds and slew rates of 20 mT/m/s enabling shorter scanning times with preserving high spatial resolution (Currie et al., 2013). Also, high performance gradients is essential for achieving the shortest TR and TE possible to maintain high image contrast and signal to noise ratio with relative short scan times (Currie et al., 2013). A 6 element phased array body coil, which placed onto the patient, in conjunction with the spinal matrix coil that has a 12 element design built into the scanner table, are used to provide a superb signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and achievable spatial resolution (Currie et al., 2013). This phased-array coils are standard for cardiac imaging in the chosen department. These pulse sequences are supplemented with options such as iPAT (integrated Parallel Acquisition Technique), which facilitates a more efficient way of filling k-space leading to shorter measurement times without compromising spatial resolution (Westbrook & Kaut-Roth, 2005). Gradient moment nulling (GMN) can be applied in conjunction with these sequences to reduce phase mis-mapping from the high signal inflowing blood and spatial pre-saturation (SAT) to reduce signal from inflowing blood (Westbrook & Kaut-Roth,
The Siemens MAGNETOM scanner has high performance gradients with a Peak Gradient Amplitude of 45 milli Tesla per metre with a short Gradient Rise Time of 200 microseconds and slew rates of 20 mT/m/s enabling shorter scanning times with preserving high spatial resolution (Currie et al., 2013). Also, high performance gradients is essential for achieving the shortest TR and TE possible to maintain high image contrast and signal to noise ratio with relative short scan times (Currie et al., 2013). A 6 element phased array body coil, which placed onto the patient, in conjunction with the spinal matrix coil that has a 12 element design built into the scanner table, are used to provide a superb signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and achievable spatial resolution (Currie et al., 2013). This phased-array coils are standard for cardiac imaging in the chosen department. These pulse sequences are supplemented with options such as iPAT (integrated Parallel Acquisition Technique), which facilitates a more efficient way of filling k-space leading to shorter measurement times without compromising spatial resolution (Westbrook & Kaut-Roth, 2005). Gradient moment nulling (GMN) can be applied in conjunction with these sequences to reduce phase mis-mapping from the high signal inflowing blood and spatial pre-saturation (SAT) to reduce signal from inflowing blood (Westbrook & Kaut-Roth,