Singapore has always faced congestion issues on the roads, although not as severe as compared to Beijing or Los Angeles. Nevertheless, Singapore ranked 55 out of 189 cities in the world in terms of congestion, based on TOMTOM Traffic Index in 2016. 34% extra travel time is needed on average to travel from point A to point B (Figure 1). This is worst in the morning and evening peak hours, where there is staggering 53% and 60% increase in travel time respectively, which can lead to decrease in productivity as workers are unable to reach their offices in time. Lots of time is wasted being caught in a jam, rather than spending them in other …show more content…
The government has implemented many measures to solve this, mainly to increase the price of car ownership. Singapore is the world’s most expensive city to live in for the fourth consecutive year, and the most expensive place to buy and run a car in. One of the few measures include Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) and the Vehicle Quota System (VQS). ERP is a pay-as-you-use strategy where motorists are charged when they use certain roads during the peak hours. ERP 2.0 will be rolled out by 2020, which uses satellite and GPS to charge motorists based on the distance they travelled on congested roads. On the other hand, VQS limits the growth of the vehicle population by using Certificate of Entitlement (COE). Just recently, the government has declared that the growth rate will be cut to zero from February 2018. With these measures, about 45% of households own a car. LTA has also build more roads and expanded many of the major highways to combat this problem, yet our roads are still