Association of Low ABI with CV Risk Factors and Prevalent Disease:
A low ABI is associated with many CV risk factors, including HTN, DM, dyslipidemia, smoking history, and several novel CV risk factors (eg, CRP, IL-6, homocysteine, and CKD) (Zheng et al, 2005; Selvin and Erlinger, 2004; Allison et al, 2006). Some studies have shown a graded inverse association of CVD risk factors across ABI thresholds (Selvin and Erlinger, 2004; Weatherley et al, 2007).
Both CAD and cerebrovascular disease are significantly associated with low ABI (≤0.9) (Bendermacher et al, 2007; Ramos et al, 2011). A low ABI is also associated with unrecognized subclinical CVD (i.e., diagnosed byECG, ECHO, exercise stress test, carotid duplex ultrasound or MRA) (Mostaza et al, 2009; Tsao et al., 2011). Moreover, the ABPI is useful for identifying the subjects at higher risk of cognitive impairment and dementia (Price et al, 2006; Guerchet et al, 2011). …show more content…
The post exercise ABI is also predictive of risk. In case of a normal ABI at rest, the presence of an abnormal ABI after exercise is associated with increased mortality (Sheikh et al., 2011). A rapid 1-year decline in resting and post exercise ABI is associated with all-cause mortality, cardiac events, stroke, and kidney failure in patients with PAD (Feringa et al.,
A low ABI is associated with many CV risk factors, including HTN, DM, dyslipidemia, smoking history, and several novel CV risk factors (eg, CRP, IL-6, homocysteine, and CKD) (Zheng et al, 2005; Selvin and Erlinger, 2004; Allison et al, 2006). Some studies have shown a graded inverse association of CVD risk factors across ABI thresholds (Selvin and Erlinger, 2004; Weatherley et al, 2007).
Both CAD and cerebrovascular disease are significantly associated with low ABI (≤0.9) (Bendermacher et al, 2007; Ramos et al, 2011). A low ABI is also associated with unrecognized subclinical CVD (i.e., diagnosed byECG, ECHO, exercise stress test, carotid duplex ultrasound or MRA) (Mostaza et al, 2009; Tsao et al., 2011). Moreover, the ABPI is useful for identifying the subjects at higher risk of cognitive impairment and dementia (Price et al, 2006; Guerchet et al, 2011). …show more content…
The post exercise ABI is also predictive of risk. In case of a normal ABI at rest, the presence of an abnormal ABI after exercise is associated with increased mortality (Sheikh et al., 2011). A rapid 1-year decline in resting and post exercise ABI is associated with all-cause mortality, cardiac events, stroke, and kidney failure in patients with PAD (Feringa et al.,