Impact Of BRICS

Improved Essays
Today’s global governance institutions were built around the emergence of the United States of America as a superpower in the mid-1940s. It was this mantle that caused the United States, for whatever reason, to assume responsibility for the reconstruction of nations both in the west and in the east following the devastating effects of World War II. A point largely dismissed by those too young to remember. That virtually uncontested assumption of responsibility combined with the need for smaller countries to align themselves with something counter to the growing might of the Soviet Union propelled liberal American ideologies to the forefront of international thinking.

With the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 90s the balance of power
…show more content…
This seems strange though when one considers that India, Brazil, and South Africa are by definition stable, liberal democracies. Regardless of their politics however each member of BRICS has expressed dissatisfaction with the inflexibility of the current Bretton Woods institutions and various American economic and foreign policies. As a result it is easy to point to regional and cross-regional coalitions like BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) as a counter to the American hegemon’s sometimes unsupported tactics, and perhaps the growing need to fill the vacuum created by the diminishment of American influence. A notion further supported by the fact that some economists believe China will soon outpace the United States in terms of GDP. This argument was seemingly given further credence when Jim O’Neill the former … of Goldman Sachs and the person who coined the term BRICs, said that, “world policymaking forums should be re-organized and in particular, the G7 should be adjusted to incorporate BRIC representatives.” (O’Neill) The question remains however, do such economic-based alliances necessitate

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    The Pros Of Constructivism

    • 2158 Words
    • 9 Pages

    The constructivist turn in IR marks a shift from the material determinants of international politics to ideational factors, such as beliefs, ideas, and norms. The two dominant theoretical schools in IR, neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism (NLI), share several key assumptions regarding the anarchic nature of the international system, states are self-interested, rational actors, driven by material interests in power/survival (neorealists) or security (NLI). In addition, neorealism and NLI both rely on a rational choice framework borrowed from microeconomics that assumes cost-benefit analysis and utility maximization as the impetus behind state’s political calculus. Although conditioned by the same assumptions, neorealists and NLI reach vastly different conclusions regarding the potential for conflict and cooperation in international politics.…

    • 2158 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Liberalism is the International Relations (IR) theory best reflected in the 2015 NSS. One key tenant of the Obama Administration’s foreign policy formulation is global economic prosperity and independence. American economic prosperity and interdependence with other state actors are critical drivers of global leadership, reflecting fundamental United States (U.S.) interests and values, and accentuates economic exchange with allies.1 (Walt, p.2) The stratagem recognizes a critical need for global competitiveness, sustained economic development, creating good jobs and raising incomes to influence American prosperity.2 (NSS, p. 15) In that, the plan accentuates the U.S. leadership role in oil and gas production, calls for the generation of high…

    • 504 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Affirmative Statement The current interventionist foreign policy that has driven the U.S. to accept an overwhelming amount of responsibility for maintaining the global order -- a commitment of such great magnitude that it should not be the burden of a single state, even a superpower such as the U.S. that “dominate[s] the world militarily, economically, and politically” (Posen 117). Emboldened by assumptions of American geopolitical strengths, the U.S. has pursued nation-building operations that serve as a detriment to both the federal budget and their international reputation. Instead, a return to the pre-WWII foreign policy of offshore balancing would reallocate resources from futile nation-building exercises towards preserving American dominance…

    • 914 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Economic expansion became “both a means and an end” for American foreign policy makers (129). It was seen as a way to broaden markets, and to spread peace through prosperity. However, Williams explains, by expanding a U.S. economic system throughout the world they made it very difficult for other countries to maintain an economy independently (15). U.S. interference altered the power dynamic in other countries, which was usually detrimental to the other nations. Williams notes that other countries were also very well aware of this power imbalance, which furthered the tensions between the U.S. and other political bodies.…

    • 812 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Foreign policy determines how America conducts relations with other countries. America’s foreign policy today covers a wide range of functions and issues. It seeks the power to protect and display America’s national interests around the globe. These national interests shape foreign policy and cover a wide range of political, economic, military and ideological concerns. On September 11th, 2001, two hijacked planes crashed into the World Trade Center towers, collapsing and causing over 2500 deaths.…

    • 2315 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Since President George Washington’s Farewell Address, America had tried vigorously to keep a policy of isolationism in accordance to world affairs outside of trade; that is until October of 1945 when the United States officially became apart of the United Nations. No longer could America opt out of war or declare itself neutral, much like it did when World War II started in Europe. Many Americans opposed the idea of internationalism, but the U.S. had already dug itself into a deep hole it couldn’t get out of. The affairs of all the world were now the affairs of the U.S., changing the foreign policy permanently and emphasizing America’s role around the world. The change in policy wasn’t immediate, but gradual starting with the end of the…

    • 433 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    world primacy, casting them on the political fringes of American conservatism and progressivism. Consequently, politicians that support more shared international power are considered radicals even if their purpose is to preserve America’s power long term. A reason for this peculiar paradigm is simple, yet important. Even the remote appearance of abdication of American leadership abroad easily transforms to an anti-American narrative in today’s polarized society.…

    • 672 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Wilsonian Idealism

    • 1515 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Wilson was also responsible for the transition between unilateralism to a country that was more heavily intertwined in international affairs. From a more current perspective, in Andrew Kohut’s article titled “The problem of American Exceptionalism”, he argues that “U.S. internationalism often depends on the tenor of the times and who is in the White House, a deep-seated individualism, coupled with an inherent optimism” and it is these very traits which “entail a number of problematic consequences for the U.S. relationship with the world” (Kohut). Americans are largely uninvolved and completely disregard foreign affairs, and are more self interested in nature. This “self-help concept” impacts how the United States deals with non-state actors, particularly NGO’s, such as the International Criminal Court. The United States under the presidency of George W. Bush unsigned the ICC treaty because the administration felt that it was a direct threat to our…

    • 1515 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Thus emerging actors will seek a ‘balance of power’ within the current system. That, “balancing involves institutional strategies such as the formation of limited diplomatic coalitions or ententes to constrain the superior powers. It also involves strengthening economic ties between peers, which can possibly shift the balance of economic power against the more powerful state/s in the long term.” (Flemes, 6)…

    • 1075 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Final Paper Essay 1: The role of the United States in the larger world has changed dramatically since the start of the twentieth century. Starting in 1900, describe the role the US has played in the world. Terms to discuss: Cold War, containment, détente, deterrence, Fourteen Points, Good Neighbor policy, Iraq War, isolationism, Marshall Plan, Monroe Doctrine, 9/11, Vietnam War, World War I, World War II Before the 1900s the United States was a country that did not have that big of a role in what happened over in Europe and Asia. At the beginning of the 1900s the United States was a little shy to get involved in conflicts. By the 1990’s the United States had demonstrated why they were one of the strongest superpowers in the world.…

    • 2305 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Before divulging into whither power is an asset it is important to establish and define what United States primacy is. The definition of primacy is, “the state of being most important or strongest.” In this analysis, U.S. primacy refers to being the only power in modern history to establish a lead in almost every important dimension of power. America has the world’s largest economy, military advantage, and ideological influences. Combined with its geopolitical position, the U.S. has the type of power unseen in the world’s history.…

    • 469 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    For this summary essay assignment, I’ve chosen One World, Rival Theories by Jack Snyder and Liberalism and World Politics by Michael W. Doyle. One World, Rival Theories states the basics of all three major theories and gives a general idea of liberalism’s main points. Liberalism and World Politics on the other hand gives a detailed explanation of liberalism alone and continues to break down the theory into three separate categories. This helps to fill in some of the gaps in the first article as well.…

    • 944 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    America's Decline

    • 794 Words
    • 4 Pages

    After World War II, America became one of the two powers in a bipolar international system. After the fall of the Soviet Union,…

    • 794 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In the year of 1979, Kenneth Waltz created a hypothesis which stated “The world is more stable if dominated by fewer numbers of greater powers”. His main argument was that alliances would spread in a multipolar world rather than a bipolar world. The multipolar period is, six states fought for influence along with the distribution of power which was constantly changing. The Cold War era was only stable dude to the domination that was shared between two superpowers (A sovereign state with dominant status on the globe and a very advanced military, especially the Soviet Union or United States.) Although much has changed since the year that Mr. Waltz had presented his hypothesis.…

    • 1350 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Realists and Liberalist are often times conflicting on how they think about different issues and the way they go about constructing their own nations. But, institutionalism bridges a gap between the both of them. Institutionalism functions as a neutral territory that aims to diffuse potentially competing and conflicting issues. Realism, being the oldest International Relations theory gives a pessimistic view of human nature. Realists believe that.…

    • 1523 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays