1. ABSTRACT:
A total of 552 serum samples of sheep, goats and cattle from different localities at Assiut governorate, Egypt were screened for qualitative analysis of the BTV antibodies using a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit. The results showed an overall percentage of BTV positive sheep, goats and cattle serum samples were 41.86%, 24% and 85.42% respectively. A highest percentage of seropositivity was found in Arab El- Awamer farm(100%), followed by Abnoub( 63. 64%), Sedfa(11. 43%), veterinary teaching hospital(11.11%), Aboteeg (3.57%) and Bani zeed el akrad (0% ) respectively. From examined sera all over the three years from 2012 to 2015 indicates prevalence of BTV antibodies by( 62. 69%) during the non hot months and (10%) …show more content…
The disease should be notifying its presence in Egypt since it was free from this disease and more studies should be attempets to estimate the serotype of blue tongue virus.
Key Words: Bluetongue, cELISA, sheep, goat, cattle, Seroprevalence, Assiut Governorate
2. INTRODUCTION:
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of bluetongue disease in sheep and cattle, an insect transmitted disease of ruminants (Erasmus., 1975). BTV belongs to Orbivirus genus of family Reoviridae it has double stranded segmented RNA genome having ten discrete segments The seven of these segments encode structural protein (VP1 to VP7) and the remaining three encode for non structural proteins (NS1, NS2, NS3 and NS3A), NS3 and NS3A are encoded by tenth segment (Scientific committee on animal health and animal welfare( SCAHAW) .,2000). There are 24 distinct BTV serotypes and recently Toggenburg orbivirus (TOV) is proposed to be a 25th serotype( Hofmann et al., 2008) and, complete genome characterization of a 26th BTV serotype from Kuwait( Mann et al., 2011). It is a notifiable disease of the WorldOrganization for Animal Health (Office of international …show more content…
Bluetongue affects both domestic and wild ruminants, and its origin is probably African ruminants. It was first identified in South African Merino sheep in the late 18th century (Gerdes, 2004). Various techniques have been used to detect antibodies against BTV. Only AGID and competitive-ELISA are recommended as prescribed tests for international trade in the OIE Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines (WHO, 2010). In Egypt, there is no vaccination program is running or used, so positive serum samples means that BTV-specific antibodies which are still circulating in the tested animals without any detectable signs is due to subclinical infection (Maclachlan et al., 2009). Although in 2008 Egypt declared free from BT, it has notice the presence of BT infection in the last few years. No available data on disease history in Egypt. The disease has become a threatening disease as it may attack animals in the form of massive outbreaks due to animal exportation during Eid Al Adha, which is a major feast in Egypt and due to the climate change as high temperature and humidity (Kawther, 2012).This study estimates the prevalence and distribution of antibodies to BTV in different localities at Assiut governorate, Egypt. Our results revealed high seroprevalence
A total of 552 serum samples of sheep, goats and cattle from different localities at Assiut governorate, Egypt were screened for qualitative analysis of the BTV antibodies using a commercial competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit. The results showed an overall percentage of BTV positive sheep, goats and cattle serum samples were 41.86%, 24% and 85.42% respectively. A highest percentage of seropositivity was found in Arab El- Awamer farm(100%), followed by Abnoub( 63. 64%), Sedfa(11. 43%), veterinary teaching hospital(11.11%), Aboteeg (3.57%) and Bani zeed el akrad (0% ) respectively. From examined sera all over the three years from 2012 to 2015 indicates prevalence of BTV antibodies by( 62. 69%) during the non hot months and (10%) …show more content…
The disease should be notifying its presence in Egypt since it was free from this disease and more studies should be attempets to estimate the serotype of blue tongue virus.
Key Words: Bluetongue, cELISA, sheep, goat, cattle, Seroprevalence, Assiut Governorate
2. INTRODUCTION:
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of bluetongue disease in sheep and cattle, an insect transmitted disease of ruminants (Erasmus., 1975). BTV belongs to Orbivirus genus of family Reoviridae it has double stranded segmented RNA genome having ten discrete segments The seven of these segments encode structural protein (VP1 to VP7) and the remaining three encode for non structural proteins (NS1, NS2, NS3 and NS3A), NS3 and NS3A are encoded by tenth segment (Scientific committee on animal health and animal welfare( SCAHAW) .,2000). There are 24 distinct BTV serotypes and recently Toggenburg orbivirus (TOV) is proposed to be a 25th serotype( Hofmann et al., 2008) and, complete genome characterization of a 26th BTV serotype from Kuwait( Mann et al., 2011). It is a notifiable disease of the WorldOrganization for Animal Health (Office of international …show more content…
Bluetongue affects both domestic and wild ruminants, and its origin is probably African ruminants. It was first identified in South African Merino sheep in the late 18th century (Gerdes, 2004). Various techniques have been used to detect antibodies against BTV. Only AGID and competitive-ELISA are recommended as prescribed tests for international trade in the OIE Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines (WHO, 2010). In Egypt, there is no vaccination program is running or used, so positive serum samples means that BTV-specific antibodies which are still circulating in the tested animals without any detectable signs is due to subclinical infection (Maclachlan et al., 2009). Although in 2008 Egypt declared free from BT, it has notice the presence of BT infection in the last few years. No available data on disease history in Egypt. The disease has become a threatening disease as it may attack animals in the form of massive outbreaks due to animal exportation during Eid Al Adha, which is a major feast in Egypt and due to the climate change as high temperature and humidity (Kawther, 2012).This study estimates the prevalence and distribution of antibodies to BTV in different localities at Assiut governorate, Egypt. Our results revealed high seroprevalence