Female sexuality has often been a topic of immorality in hardboiled novels. However, in James M. Cain’s Mildred Pierce, female sexuality is a means to get to the top. In order to please her intransigent daughter, the protagonist of the novel decided to put her aptitude for cooking to good use and open up a restaurant. One restaurant turns to three, and it seems that Mildred’s success knows no bounds. All of this occurs, of course, due to Mildred’s tenacity and perseverance, but also because she is willing to use her sexuality as a tool to get the right men to do what she needs them to do, especially in a time period where women and business did not necessarily get spoken of in the same sentence.…
The societal views upon women from before and after 1949 have greatly affected their lives both in a positive and negative way. In the stories, “Sealed Off”, “A Woman Like Me”, and “Fin de Siecle Splendor”, women have gone through countless conflicts with themselves…
In this essay, I will be exploring the changing presentation of sexuality within classic Victorian literature, exemplified with the use of a case study of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Bram Stoker’s Dracula. I would argue that perhaps more than in any other literary period, any textual inclination towards sexuality deteriorated as the eighteenth century progressed, ‘desexualising’ it, or, at least confining it to the bedroom doors of married couples. Additionally, whilst essentialist arguments surrounding sexuality have historically cast the subject as ‘taboo’, interestingly, I have found an underlying sexual tone in many novels of this period, with a distinctive shift in attitudes becoming a marker of the wider social and economic changes…
The Berwick Church in Charleston, England houses some of the most notable pieces of art manufactured by Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant from the mid-twentieth century. The two were part of the well-known Bloomsbury Group, and their home in Charleston as well as their work on the Church constitute the remaining evidence of the group's involvement with each other outside of London. Grant's painting Christ in Glory sits above the Berwick altar, demonstrating how the Bloomsbury Group took traditional Victorian values and flipped them on their heads by his extraordinary use of color and the inclusion of lay people in the piece. The presence of a multitude of easily identifiable classes within one portrait would have, in that period, been something…
He begins his argument in this era because it is where scholars have been told that the repression against sexuality first began. Love during this time was exclusive to marriage and procreation; it is fair to say that the family was the corner stone of Victorian society. From women, there was not any form of inappropriate attraction or lusting after a man. The ideal of a true women “was defined by her distance from lust” (Katz); but these same values were not held as the standard for men. As talked about it class, the obvious double standard for men and women, which still holds true today, was already beginning to form.…
Apparently, the plotline follows throughout the inner struggles of a young bride and Maxim de Winter is also one that is anchored on the shores of the historical, socio-economic and cultural England. The story is a fairy tale, a gothic tale, a romance, a realist narrative, a modernist story and even autobiographical, drawn from du Maurier’s own trespassing sprees into their later to be countryside home in Cornwall, called Menabilly. Our narrator is shadowed by the ghosts of, not only Rebecca but, all those in this tradition who came before Rebecca. Born of the Victorian tradition, sitting on the modernist tradition of the inter-war years in England and looking on to the post-structuralist, deconstructive and post-modernist traditions, Rebecca…
To say that gender is performative is to argue that gender is “real only to the extent that it is performed” - Judith Butler, Gender Trouble To what extent do the characters in Glengarry Glen Ross and Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, conform to or challenge their socially constructed gender roles? In her seminal work of cultural theory Gender Trouble, Judith Butler regards gender identity as a social and cultural construction, ‘supported by a masculine heterosexual hierarchy within society’ . Butler discusses how ‘subjects play their genders’ and in the process ‘repress, reject, or subvert themselves to fit in with society’ .…
Virginia Woolf, author of “Two Cafeterias,” extrapolates on the underlying oppression of women by analyzing unwarranted, sexist treatment on a college campus. During the course of her piece, she seldom complains about the inequities and injustices that take in our world modestly explores the rift that segregates men and women through her use of figurative language. It is evident that Woolf uses food as a metaphor for sexual discrimination. Her writing is riddled with contrast as she examines the sweeping variance between the men and women’s “luncheon parties”. Virginia Woolf focuses on dissimilarity in her tone and diction between the men and women’s luncheons to demonstrate the unjust treatment at hand.…
Men were expected to work and do the hard labor to provide for the family, and in return the woman kept the home a place of calm and relaxation for the man when he would return. Because of this women are not expected to achieve anything great and this causes Clarissa to note that, “Nothing else had she of the slightest importance; could not think write or even play the piano” (119). Clearly Clarissa has an intense criticism of herself as is evident of her statement “could not think”. The readers are privy to her private thoughts as Woolf wrote the book as an honest tribute to the real stream of consciousness, therefore we know Clarissa actually had profound thoughts. Woolf is asserting that woman were oppressed not only in physical work and equality but in their thoughts as well.…
In contrast, the female lunch is described by Woolf in short sentences: “Dinner was ready. Here was the soup. It was a plain gravy soup”. The contrast between the two shows how the luxurious lunch at the men’s college provokes pleasant intellectual conversation, while the mediocre dinner at the female college hampers thought. Woolf uses this contrast to illustrate the importance placed on men in 1920’s…
In Jane Austen's novel, Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennett and Charlotte Lucas have contrary ideals when it comes to marriage. Elizabeth wants to marry for love, passion and happiness. While Charlotte wants to marry for wealth, social standing and security. With very different views on marriage reoccuring in the book, it is clear that marriage is an exceedingly prominent theme throughout the novel. It is shown through exceptionally diverse point of views that are contrastable between two women.…
In Virginia Woolf’s essay “A Room of One’s Own,” she creates Judith, a fictional character who is the sister of William Shakespeare. There are challenges Woolf claimed that she would have experienced in her lifetime, and also believes that women from the Elizabethan era did not write. For this assignment, specific examples from the essay will be discussed. First, Woolf describes many challenges women would have faced during the Elizabethan era. For one, not much is known about them.…
Feminism, in its truest form, is “the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities” (“Feminism”). Virginia Woolf’s Orlando is a novel that brought attention to feminism during 1928 when feminism was not a topic discussed due to cultural stereotypes and gender roles that limited what males and females could do. In Orlando, her transition does not seem to affect anyone’s view on who Orlando was as a person. Though her physical life changes drastically as she so suddenly changes from a Duke to a lovely lady, her mental state and social life seems to change in only ways that would be considered social and cultural matters. For instance, Orlando would have to present herself in a feminine manner and attend social events…
Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is classified, by many, as a classic that still holds up as a memorable form of literature. It deals with the social norm and the social class divide that, argued by others, still remains to this day. Austen’s novel also deals with the idea of love and relationships, as well as what certain characters would do in order to fulfill their desires. The central focus of this novel derives from two themes, prejudice and misjudgement.…
In Lady Chatterley’s Lover, a strong, powerful female protagonist takes the lead against the repressed mental state (that’s a first). “A woman has to live her life, or live to repent not having lived it” (Lawrence 73). And Lawrence evokes powerful messages, or lessons. “Perhaps only people who are capable of real togetherness have that look of being alone in the universe.…