The very first step for biotechnology was by Charles Darwin. He establish the Theory of Evolution and its mechanism, natural selection, and challenging both the accepted scientific and religious views of Western culture that had been being taught for centuries before. The book he wrote On the Origin of Species was sold out the first day it was published. The age of genetics begins in 1865, when Gregory Mendel, studying inherited traits of pea plants, outlines the basic laws of heredity that still hold true today for all organisms. Mendel 's discoveries about genes are not recognized by other scientists for over thirty five years. In 1910 the Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed and Thomas Hunt Morgan established that genes are found on chromosomes by physically finding an exact gene to an exact chromosome. In 1941 George Beadle and Edward Tatum establish that one gene creates one enzyme or protein, and shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Medicine. Then in 1952 Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey used a common kitchen appliance to separate the protein coats of viruses from their DNA to show that DNA is the material that transfers inherited characteristics from one generation to the following. In 1990 they used a four year old girl Ashanti DiSilva with an ADA deficiency for gene therapy. This was conducted with William French Anderson and his colleagues at NIH. They inserted a normal ADA gene into DiSilva’s T-cells and every two months about twenty five percent of her immune system function was restored so she can lead a normal life. The most interesting even that happen was in 1996 that the first mammal was cloned from adult cells. It was Dolly the sheep, and she died at the age of six because of a lung infection. Soon following that they
The very first step for biotechnology was by Charles Darwin. He establish the Theory of Evolution and its mechanism, natural selection, and challenging both the accepted scientific and religious views of Western culture that had been being taught for centuries before. The book he wrote On the Origin of Species was sold out the first day it was published. The age of genetics begins in 1865, when Gregory Mendel, studying inherited traits of pea plants, outlines the basic laws of heredity that still hold true today for all organisms. Mendel 's discoveries about genes are not recognized by other scientists for over thirty five years. In 1910 the Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed and Thomas Hunt Morgan established that genes are found on chromosomes by physically finding an exact gene to an exact chromosome. In 1941 George Beadle and Edward Tatum establish that one gene creates one enzyme or protein, and shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in Medicine. Then in 1952 Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey used a common kitchen appliance to separate the protein coats of viruses from their DNA to show that DNA is the material that transfers inherited characteristics from one generation to the following. In 1990 they used a four year old girl Ashanti DiSilva with an ADA deficiency for gene therapy. This was conducted with William French Anderson and his colleagues at NIH. They inserted a normal ADA gene into DiSilva’s T-cells and every two months about twenty five percent of her immune system function was restored so she can lead a normal life. The most interesting even that happen was in 1996 that the first mammal was cloned from adult cells. It was Dolly the sheep, and she died at the age of six because of a lung infection. Soon following that they