This is one reason that leaves mothers raising children on their own. Aside from divorce, children are being conceived out of wedlock at alarmingly high rates which further breaks down the family structure in the African American community. What is defined was a nuclear family consisting of a biological mother, a biological father, and their biological offspring is no longer the most visible type of family structure. The overall well-being of a child is impacted by the involvement of both the mother and the father. Daughters, especially, are at a great disadvantage when their father is nonresidential or absent. “The majority of studies have measured frequency of visitation” but it was found that the frequency of visitation “may be less important than other relationship dimensions, such as the strength of the emotional ties” between the father and their daughter (Amato and Gilbreth, …show more content…
Daughters from lower income areas where the father was absent perceived themselves to be higher in masculinity than all other girls (Madara, Murray, & Joyner, 2005). The lack of strong bonds between fathers and daughters can play on the psyche of girls and influence their self-esteem, sexual onset, relationship satisfaction, in addition to their overall well-being. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to investigate the relationship that African American fathers’ involvement has on daughters. Additionally, this study will examine how social support factors into the daughters’ self-esteem, onset of sexual behavior, relationship satisfaction, and overall well-being. This research explores the relationship between the primary variables by utilizing the following research