A perspective indicates that biological differences of human beings are simply classified into a binary relationship, is called biological essentialism. It assumes the binary relationship among sex, gender and sexuality is that the gender of males is masculine and the gender of females is feminine. Furthermore, it also suggests that the sexualities of males and females are attracted to its opposite gender, which is heterosexual. In addition, biological essentialism normalizes and naturalizes that there are only two different categories of biological sex based on biological features of human beings, which are male having a male reproductive organ and female having a female reproductive organ. In return, this determines the behavior of men and
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Furthermore, people are then considered as masculine or feminine as their gender depending on the sex (Jhally, 2009). On the contrary, through the view of anti-essentialist, gender is a product of discourses, which indicate social interactions (Pennington, 2009). In addition, Butler (1993) also pointed out that the identification of gender is obtained through social constructions by daily repeated actions. Therefore, it is claimed that gender can be identified by acting differently according to the sex. Furthermore, Pennington (2009) also mentioned that a lesbian having masculine appearance and desire suggests that there is no essential association between sex and gender. Although it is suggested that gender is a social construction, people always behave in ways that matches the appearance of masculinity or femininity. This is because the values and norms associated with that sex in society have been taught and learn by individuals, which is called gender socialization. Gender socialization occurs in childhood but also through media, family and social interactions. It helps individuals to understand and achieve expectations and gender roles from society. However, a group of individuals whose identification of gender cannot match their sex is called transgender (Tauches, 2009). Therefore, it is noted that there is no essential association between sex and gender. In addition, according to Teich (2012), the gender and sex associated differently vary from person. In conclusion, the gender identity is a social construction and there is no essential connection between sex and
Furthermore, people are then considered as masculine or feminine as their gender depending on the sex (Jhally, 2009). On the contrary, through the view of anti-essentialist, gender is a product of discourses, which indicate social interactions (Pennington, 2009). In addition, Butler (1993) also pointed out that the identification of gender is obtained through social constructions by daily repeated actions. Therefore, it is claimed that gender can be identified by acting differently according to the sex. Furthermore, Pennington (2009) also mentioned that a lesbian having masculine appearance and desire suggests that there is no essential association between sex and gender. Although it is suggested that gender is a social construction, people always behave in ways that matches the appearance of masculinity or femininity. This is because the values and norms associated with that sex in society have been taught and learn by individuals, which is called gender socialization. Gender socialization occurs in childhood but also through media, family and social interactions. It helps individuals to understand and achieve expectations and gender roles from society. However, a group of individuals whose identification of gender cannot match their sex is called transgender (Tauches, 2009). Therefore, it is noted that there is no essential association between sex and gender. In addition, according to Teich (2012), the gender and sex associated differently vary from person. In conclusion, the gender identity is a social construction and there is no essential connection between sex and