SOWK HBSE 503 Quiz 3/Wally Graves III
1. Accommadation. Piaget’s structured approach to cognitive development hinged on the idea of intelligence of which was largely based on biological factors related to heredity (Robbins 2012). Piaget believed the brain had a structure similar to other parts of the body like the liver and kidneys. He coined the term “schema” or schemata for plural as the simple structure of the mind. The schema is a notional concept of the mind rather than an actual structure. He theorized that schemata are the cognitive structures by which humans intellectually adapt to and organize their environment. As the infant and child develops so does the intricacy of their schemata.
Piaget further defined two biological characteristics …show more content…
Classical Conditioning. Behaviorism emerged in the early 1900’s and was divided into two categories: classical and neobehaviorism or operant behaviorism. Behaviorism was primarily concerned with learning and the two methods involved were classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was originally proposed by Ivan Pavlov and includes placing a benign signal before a reflex and focuses on involuntary or autonomic behaviors. Operant conditioning was proposed by B.F. Skinner and includes applying reinforcement or punishment after a behavior (Robbins 2012). Classical conditioning involves learning a new behavior via the process of association where two stimuli are linked together to produce a learned response. There are three stages to classical conditioning: stage 1 before conditioning; stage 2 during conditioning; and stage 3 after conditioning. In stage 1, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produces an unconditioned response (UCR). John’s flu is the UCS that produces nausea or the UCR. The new food eaten at the fair is called the neutral stimulus (NS). The NS doesn’t produce a response until it is paired with the UCS. In stage 2, a stimulus which produces no response (NS) is associated with the UCS at which it becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS). The flu (UCS) becomes associated with eating new foods (CS) from the fair. In stage 3, the CS has been associated with the UCS to create a new conditioned response (CR). Smelling the new food (CS) …show more content…
Vicarious Experiences. Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as an individual’s belief in their ability to succeed in under certain circumstances. Self-efficacy can play a significant part in how an individual tackles goals, tasks, and challenges. Bandura argued that self-efficacy norms are created and developed from four sources: mastery experiences; vicarious experiences; social persuasions; somatic/emotional states. Mastery experience relies on the fact that successes build and failures undermine. There needs to be failures so tasks do not always come easy. Vicarious experience comes from social models were the individual sees themselves as similar especially when the model is successful or is failing. The level of similarity is significant. Social persuasion leads people to try harder but is more difficult to instill beliefs of self-efficacy than to undermine them. Somatic/emotional states interpret stress reactions as signs of vulnerability verses energizing behaviors, where positive mood enhances perceived self-efficacy and mood diminishes it (Supranovich 2014). Hannah has clearly identified with her new mentor both physically and behaviorally (they each have brown hair and brown eyes and both enjoy art and reading.) Hannah’s self-efficacy is improving through her vicarious experiences of observing Joy’s achievements which in turn are improving Hannah’s outlook on school and her class participation (Usher
1. Accommadation. Piaget’s structured approach to cognitive development hinged on the idea of intelligence of which was largely based on biological factors related to heredity (Robbins 2012). Piaget believed the brain had a structure similar to other parts of the body like the liver and kidneys. He coined the term “schema” or schemata for plural as the simple structure of the mind. The schema is a notional concept of the mind rather than an actual structure. He theorized that schemata are the cognitive structures by which humans intellectually adapt to and organize their environment. As the infant and child develops so does the intricacy of their schemata.
Piaget further defined two biological characteristics …show more content…
Classical Conditioning. Behaviorism emerged in the early 1900’s and was divided into two categories: classical and neobehaviorism or operant behaviorism. Behaviorism was primarily concerned with learning and the two methods involved were classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was originally proposed by Ivan Pavlov and includes placing a benign signal before a reflex and focuses on involuntary or autonomic behaviors. Operant conditioning was proposed by B.F. Skinner and includes applying reinforcement or punishment after a behavior (Robbins 2012). Classical conditioning involves learning a new behavior via the process of association where two stimuli are linked together to produce a learned response. There are three stages to classical conditioning: stage 1 before conditioning; stage 2 during conditioning; and stage 3 after conditioning. In stage 1, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) produces an unconditioned response (UCR). John’s flu is the UCS that produces nausea or the UCR. The new food eaten at the fair is called the neutral stimulus (NS). The NS doesn’t produce a response until it is paired with the UCS. In stage 2, a stimulus which produces no response (NS) is associated with the UCS at which it becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS). The flu (UCS) becomes associated with eating new foods (CS) from the fair. In stage 3, the CS has been associated with the UCS to create a new conditioned response (CR). Smelling the new food (CS) …show more content…
Vicarious Experiences. Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as an individual’s belief in their ability to succeed in under certain circumstances. Self-efficacy can play a significant part in how an individual tackles goals, tasks, and challenges. Bandura argued that self-efficacy norms are created and developed from four sources: mastery experiences; vicarious experiences; social persuasions; somatic/emotional states. Mastery experience relies on the fact that successes build and failures undermine. There needs to be failures so tasks do not always come easy. Vicarious experience comes from social models were the individual sees themselves as similar especially when the model is successful or is failing. The level of similarity is significant. Social persuasion leads people to try harder but is more difficult to instill beliefs of self-efficacy than to undermine them. Somatic/emotional states interpret stress reactions as signs of vulnerability verses energizing behaviors, where positive mood enhances perceived self-efficacy and mood diminishes it (Supranovich 2014). Hannah has clearly identified with her new mentor both physically and behaviorally (they each have brown hair and brown eyes and both enjoy art and reading.) Hannah’s self-efficacy is improving through her vicarious experiences of observing Joy’s achievements which in turn are improving Hannah’s outlook on school and her class participation (Usher