Ayer's Argument For Compatibilism Successful?

Improved Essays
In this essay, the free will problem, pertaining to philosophical nature, will be introduced and explained so that the reader can grasp the foundation of this essay’s main focus. The main focus of this essay is A.J. Ayer and his argument for compatibilism. The argument for compatibilism, according to Ayer, is that a choice that one makes cannot be free unless it is caused. Ayer also suggests that a person can only be held morally responsible for their actions if they had the ability to choose otherwise. This may sound confusing right now, but it will make sense soon. After providing some background material within this essay and presenting the argument for compatibilism, an evaluation from myself will be included to further discuss the topic. …show more content…
In studying this argument by Ayer, I have drawn a conclusion that Ayer’s defense of compatibilism is successful. I am not a philosopher and this is my first time studying the subject matter and that may play a crucial role in the drawing of my conclusion. However, I would like to briefly discuss two points that led me to me to believe that Ayer’s argument was indeed successful. Firstly, I agree that free actions are not uncaused actions. Free actions are choices that are caused in a particular way. An example would be deciding which coffee creamer to use out of the two in my refrigerator. I like both of them just the same and my decision to choose one over the other is left at random with a coin toss. Therefore, the coin toss is the cause of my choosing of one of the flavors. A second reason of why I agree with the argument for compatibilism is because of the justification through Ayer’s definition of what a free action is. If my action and choice was voluntary without anyone compelling me to do so and I could have acted differently just by choosing so, my action was

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    In this paper, I argue that Ayer’s reasoning of compatibilism is false. The reason this is true is because his explanation and reasonings of the topic are completely contradictory. Throughout the essay, I will call into question what Ayer believes to be true, while at the same time, try to “take a walk in his shoes,” to see where he is coming from and to dig deeper into why Ayer believes his theories on the topic are correct. Ayer holds the belief that free will and determinism can both be true at the same time. He states his belief of free will as when, “it is implied that I could have acted otherwise,” and believed that I could have acted otherwise, then i am said to be morally responsible for what i have done (Ayer).…

    • 920 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    John Stace's Compatibilism

    • 1014 Words
    • 5 Pages

    His application where he points out that if someone were to be predicted to lie based on previous causes leading up to a moment, and they did actually lie, they are still freely making that decision to lie because it is based on their personal desires which if they were different would alter the choice. This rationale to separate the idea of freedom of choice by pointing out the difference between power to make a decision and to recognize a decision is powerful and does serve to strengthen his position. He points out that free will and predictability are compatible with an example of expecting an honourable man to act honourably and how common sense would still dictate the man is choosing to act with honour. The idea of a separation between types of freedoms of choice is a recurring theme in the three schools of thought all of which generally accept the kind of freedom which Stace refers to as free will but is generally called the freedom of “self-realisation” or the knowledge of an ability to make a choice. The other kind of freedom is what philosophers would call free will traditionally and is the power to actually carry out either choice in a situation regardless of circumstance.…

    • 1014 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In “Of the System of Man’s Free Agency” D’Holbach explains his argument that human action is determined by the laws of nature. He proposes that humans are part of the natural world and therefore governed by necessary laws, so they have no free will. On this essay I will argue that D’Holbach’s argument on motive is not a good one; I will explain the argument, present why do I think the argument fails and consider ways to defend the argument from my own attack. D’Holbach’s Argument D’Holbach concedes that “To be undeceived on the system of his free agency, man has simply to recur to the motive by which his will is determined; he will always find this motive is out of his own control. It is said: that in consequence of an idea to which the mind gives birth, man acts freely if he encounters no obstacle”.…

    • 1171 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Cahn's Argument Analysis

    • 862 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The idea of moral responsibility is argued between determinists and libertarians, with the division being caused by the possibility of free will. Steven Cahn offers an explanation of the different views of free will with the three opinions being hard determinism, soft determinism, and libertarianism. In this writing, I am going to explain Cahn’s viewpoint, and his idea that freedom is not compatible with determinism. The setting for this argument begins with a criminal trial from the early twentieth century.…

    • 862 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The issue I will address in this paper is known as “compatibilism.” By definition, compatibilism is the idea that determinism is true, every event in the world is caused, and that free will still exist. I will explore Walter Terrence Stace’s version of compatibilism, explaining why he thinks learned professors of philosophy and psychology incorrectly define free will by confusing the meaning of the words. I will assess Stace’s argument; that indeterminism is not what it is meant by the phrase “free will.” Freedom is compatible with causal determinism because free will can be determined by the psychological states of an individual and the effects of physical forces or conditions upon that individual.…

    • 1197 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Free will is the known as the capability to decide between different potential courses of action and is a highly questioned topic in the philosophical world. Free will, also closely accompanied to the views of moral responsibility, has some philosophers reason that only actions which are free willed are justified to accept the blame of the action while other philosophers oppose this view. Baron d’Holbach views free will under the idea of Determinism, which entails that only one sequence of actions is possible, which concludes that there is no such thing as free will or choice in the truly deterministic world. In contrast, Compatibilist theorists, like Stace, assert that free will exists and can be well-matched with Determinism.…

    • 1345 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    If determinism is true, then it is impossible for a person to have free will because a person that could not act otherwise than he did does not act freely. This view is also known as incompatibilism. However, according to a soft determinist, one who believes that humans are determined and still free, the first mistake about the argument of incompatibilism is that freedom and determinism oppose each other. Soft determinists believe that determinism conflicts with freedom because of the misconception of freedom.…

    • 553 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A. J. Ayer’s analysis of free will is as follows (611): P1 If you would have chosen to act in a way other than you did, you would have P2 You acted voluntarily P3 You were not compelled to act in a certain way C1 Your action was the result of free will Ayer’s first premise for an act of free will states that if you would have decided to make a different choice, you would have made a different choice. This condition for free will addresses the determinism theory (everything that happens can be predicted if you know every nuance of the laws that govern the universe). Ayer believes in both free will and determinism, and this part of his definition of free will eliminates the apparent conflict between the two theories. Just because all of your…

    • 1038 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Psychologically speaking, as humans, we are wired to think that we have the freedom to act and do based upon our own self judgment. For simplistic reasons, let’s assume that this “freedom” is analogous to free will which is a philosophical idea in which to act freely is to have multiple open futures and possibilities, or to be able to choose between many different choices. Determinism is the belief that every event (including action, choices, and decisions) is the inevitable result of a causal chain of events. In other words, a choice with an action (A) is the inevitable result of an earlier action of an earlier choice. This principle presents a problem for the concept of free will.…

    • 1265 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Regardless of the action, in society everyone is morally responsible for their actions. However, in to hold a person morally responsible for action or decision he must make that decision freely. Philosophers have argued about this concept of the existence of free will and having moral responsibility. Furthermore, there are those philosophers that do not question free will, but rather the idea of being help morally responsible for an action.…

    • 879 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this article, W.T Stace defends the view of compatibilism, which is also known as “soft determinism.” He argues that every event in one’s life is inevitable and is the result of past affairs, which also leads him to the belief that free will is indeed consistent with determinism. Near the end of the article he also explores the notion of moral responsibility and it’s compatibility with free will. Stace begins by briefly outlining the significance of free will because if someone has no control over their actions how can they be punished or rewarded for the way the act? He believes that many people entirely deny the concept of free will.…

    • 1040 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Chapter nine in Problems from Philosophy by James Rachels and Stuart Rachels titled “The Debate Over Free Will” is about the three arguments over free will. They are Determinism, Libertarianism, and Compatibilism. The Determinism argument is, as Rachels states, that our actions are manipulated by forces we cannot control. The second argument Rachels presents is Libertarianism which states that some actions we freely choose and that we are also not made to do so. The last argument is Compatibilism and according to Rachels, it states that actions are both free and determined.…

    • 759 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The philosophical question of free will has been debated for years and has spawned many theories, papers and never ending arguments. Soft determinism along side with hard determinism and libertarianism make up the three theories of free will. By focusing on the works of Stace and Cahn, I aim to prove that the idea of soft determinism is not an inherently flawed argument and that free will and determinism are compatible. In the argument of free will, soft determinism falls in the middle between hard determinism and libertarianism.…

    • 935 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As autonomous humans we generally think we are morally responsible for all the things we have done. That being said, it is only natural to believe that for a person who is morally responsible for what he/she has done than they could have done otherwise. Meaning they could have do the exact opposite of what they did. This alludes to the question that many philosophers have struggled with, this being, what does it mean when someone says that an individual who acted in a particular way “could have done otherwise?.” R. Chrisholm takes this concept as the fundamental question in our metaphysics of action and has formulated many explanations for the so called “free-will problem.”…

    • 929 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Nickolas Geeker Summary of A.J. Ayer’s Freedom and Necessity In Ayer’s essay Freedom and Necessity, he discusses his argument for the idea of Determinism, which states that humans act the way they do because of the way existing factors in their lives make them do so, and that it is not a product of their freewill. He also discusses that these already existing factors are known as casual laws, which are past experiences, feelings, and other factors that make people formulate whom they are. Ayer also states that he believes that the theory of Determinism and the idea of freewill can coexist. But he explains that even though people are drawn to act a certain way by these laws, they are not constrained to their choices and ultimately…

    • 215 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays