It is a widely-interpreted theoretical construct which is now used by experts of various disciplines to explain the 21st century global lifestyle (Featherstone, …show more content…
However, the difference from previous works was that now a local orientation or a loyalty to grassroots was not regarded as inferior as was the case with Kanter (1996). Managers needed to become more ‘hybrid’ as compared to flexible (Hallsal, 2009). Levy, Beechler, Taylor, & Boyacigiller in one of the most prominent papers on this topic, define cosmopolitanism as the balancing of global with the local and deriving value from local contexts and experiences to enhance global understandings. According to Levy et al, a cosmopolitan manager is pro actively seeking experiences to learn from people other than himself and integrate that knowledge with grassroots