Aristotle's Function Argument

Improved Essays
In Nicomachean Ethics 1097b22–1098a18, Aristotle advances an argument for what the human good is, which comes to be known as the Function Argument. There are a lot of discussions in secondary literature of the Function Argument, but (well, maybe not) surprisingly, scholars disagree significantly on what the Function Argument really is (a.k.a. what the premises and conclusion are), particularly because the so compact Argument is unpacked in a rather rapid manner, and involves potentially ambiguous concepts of ergon (function or work), eudaimonia (happiness or living well), arête (virtue or excellence), activity, and soul. My research aims to find a most accurate and compelling reconstruction of the Function Argument. Since many contemporary

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Augustine Vs Aristotle

    • 1176 Words
    • 5 Pages

    An important discussion that has been had and is being discussed by philosophers is the idea of what is good and how we should live. Two of these philosophers are Aristotle and Augustine, and each of them have similar but very different ideas of what is good for humankind. In this essay, the two philosophers’ thoughts will be discussed as well as which is most clear and practical for the use of man. Aristotle was a Grecian philosopher from 384-322 B.C.E. who was a student of Plato and the author of Nicomachean Ethics. He argues that everything done by man is towards some good or goal, and if not, all is meaningless.…

    • 1176 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A Detailed Account of Aristotle’s Position on Happiness and why it is a Human Good According to Aristotle, happiness is an experience that is desired by all human beings. However, there are distinct views regarding what kind of life is considered happy. Aristotle provides readers with different types of lives that are believed to make people happy, including accumulation of wealth and a life of fulfillment that is characterized by comfort and pleasure. He also posits that a happy life is that which is pleasant.…

    • 823 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Apology In the Apology, Socrates intent at his trial was not to prove his innocence, but to unveil philosophical truths to the citizens of Athens, as well as exposing the true motives of his confronters. Socrates is known as one of the most influential philosophers of all time, but he never actually wrote any of his thoughts down on paper. Most of what we know about him comes from the writings of Plato, who was one of his students/followers. And attended the trail. Plato s Apology is the principal text on which Kierke-gaard relies in arguing for the idea that Socrates is fundamentally an ironist.…

    • 2079 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Aristotle is one of the most popular philosophers, and also very well-known not only in philosophy but also in literature. A very popular argument of Aristotle is the “Virtuous Function Argument”. This argument concludes that; If any person is virtuous, then he/she performs his/her purpose/function well. But with this argument, it could have disagreed due to the vocabulary and it is noted “not sound”, or not valid in the sense that they set the argument up wrong. I tend to feel that this argument is not sound with the incorrect vocabulary of the argument.…

    • 1493 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    This essay will explain what the function argument is and what role it plays in Aristotle’s ethics. This essay will then be explicating, how successful the functional argument is. On the former, this essay will consider why the function argument is not deemed as successful and why it is problematic. From this, the essay will come to conclusion that, the function argument is successful, even though it has certain flaws.…

    • 1482 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, the complexities of individuals and their character traits are developed within a sphere of human nature and moral virtue. To Aristotle, character virtues define an individual’s well being, characterize their dispositions to action, and are defined by reason’s judgement of phasic, ethical dilemmas. Aristotle’s theory argues for moral accountability not only in manifested action, but in an individual’s very psyche. As such, moral character virtue influences an individual’s entirety, influencing their emotions and actions and setting their path toward human betterment, or human telos. The path to virtue is fixed on that human betterment, the path of vice turned away.…

    • 998 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    How ought we make moral decisions? Aristotle will say that we ought to act according to virtue, while Foot similarly argues that we ought to act according to our ‘natural good’. In this paper, I will discuss Aristotle’s view of a virtues and Foot’s derived concept of natural facts about what humans ought to do when it comes to morality. I will also consider some problems I find with both Foot’s and Aristotle’s ideas that there is or can be an objective good. I will argue that human beings ought to make moral decisions based on their subjective good, mainly because that’s the only thing we are capable of.…

    • 1152 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    (CITE) This ethical thinking was first explored by Aristotle around 350 BC; he identified several factors that largely developed human virtue. The main focus on virtue, or Arete, is whatever makes a thing an “outstanding specimen” of its kind, or significantly special. We use this descriptor to evaluate the attributes of things based on quality and their development. Additionally, Aristotle addressed the existence of happiness, or eudaimonia in people as a naturally existing emotion, and very often a motivation for people to do things.…

    • 1226 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Additionally, Aristotle’s theory posit that “If we use reason well, we live well as human beings; or, to be more precise, using reason well over the course of a full life is what happiness consists in activities caused by the rational soul in accordance with virtue or excellence” (Kraut, 2014, p. 3). “He…

    • 616 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    I believe every theory brings an important piece to the puzzle. One theory alone cannot bring the truth. In this paper I will argue that one must take some truth from each theory in order to help find the ultimate truth. Aristotle’s theory is based on virtues. He begins his argument by talking about the human good.…

    • 1265 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Aristotle proposes in his well renowned work, Nicomachean Ethics, a way of life that is structured on the foundation of what is happiness for human beings. Nicomachean Ethics provides the means in which are best determined to achieve the ultimate goal of an individual’s life which according to Aristotle is happiness. The definition of happiness is determined differently based on an individual’s perspective of the concept which the philosopher states in the beginning of Chapter Four in Book One of Nicomachean Ethics. Although differing in opinions and perspective of what happiness can best be defined as, there is a formal agreement of understanding amongst the people which Aristotle labels “the many and the refined” (Aristotle, Bartlett, & Collins,…

    • 848 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    In the Nicomachean Ethics, we are provided with Aristotle’s philosophy regarding the nature of virtue. He aims at explaining what virtue is, how it is acquired, and how it is related to both happiness (eudaimonia) and friendships. Overall, Aristotle is addressing the questions of: “What is a human being’s telos (purpose)?” and “What is the highest good?” It is by answering these questions that we will be able to see how Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics is related to both Socrates and Epictetus’ philosophy, not to mention how it has contributed to my understanding of generosity, and virtue overall.…

    • 1649 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    To understand its role in virtue ethics we look to Aristotle's function argument. Aristotle recognizes that actions are not pointless because they have an aim. Every action aims at some good (Athanassoulis, 2012). In reference to women’s healthcare rights, a eudaemonist would understand that allowing a woman full range of healthcare rights would generally please the women. In turn that will have positive outcomes.…

    • 638 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The ethical theories of both Aristotle and Epictetus, laid out in their books the Nicomachean Ethics and the Enchiridion, respectively, offer humanity insight into the most effective ways to achieve happiness and to exhibit virtue. Aristotle’s approach to happiness is that it must be looked at as the end to a means not as a means to an end. He feels that happiness should be viewed as the highest good within life. Although Epictetus agrees that happiness is the highest attainable good, he believes that the source of humanity’s misery is people’s inability to differentiate between what they can control and what they cannot. While both philosopher’s theories emphasize the importance of happiness and virtue in a person’s life, Epictetus’ view…

    • 1309 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Each human has a purpose in their life, an end goal, and when they reach that purpose they gain a greater understanding of what life and the things in that life are, “Aristotle agrees with Plato that all things have a purpose or function, and understanding those purposes, goals, or functions is how to understand things themselves.” (Classical Ethics, 37). Aristotle also believes that a humans can’t have true happiness without truly satisfying what there function is, “… Aristotle argued that happiness is not possible without the excellent functioning of a human being’s unique capacity or ability, that is, reason.” (Classical Ethics, 48). The Philosophers discuss the fact that one must be virtues and becomes virtues when searching for the good life, “Thus, Plato concludes that moral virtue is ultimately based on knowledge of the Supreme Form of the Good.”…

    • 862 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays