Aristotle Voluntary And Involuntary Action Analysis

1. The first type of involuntary action Aristotle describes is those done under compulsion, where the individual is not in control of what is happening. In other words, external cause is the only factor that contributed to one’s actions. The latter type is involuntary actions done through ignorance. This is dependent on the degree of one’s ignorance; ignorance that isn’t one’s fault is considered excusable, and it does not include willful ignorance, ignorance of the law, and recklessness or negligence. Mixed actions are defined as behaviors that are both voluntary and involuntary. For example, an oppressor informs an individual to steal something while his or her loved ones are under the oppressor’s authoritative control. And they will die if one doesn’t do what the oppressor has told him whereas live if one steals. Aristotle says that we are responsible to the degree that our actions are voluntary, which is determined by circumstances. …show more content…
According to Aristotle, there are three different types of friendship. The first is a friendship based on the useful, where it is formed due to mutual need of both parties. Thus, his first type may be called Utilitarian. The second type of friendship is one built upon the pleasant, in which it seeks mutual fun. Ultimately, the first two types of friendships are incidental friendships. This last type of friendship is a character friendship Aristotle considers the highest among the three. Friendship based on the good is formed between parties yearning for the best for each other independent of usefulness or pleasantness. Aristotle adds that this is the highest because it embodies the undivided and greatest system of love. Moreover, it is incredibly hard to create a couple of this type in one’s lifetime since it requires certain