The Animal Welfare Act (AWA), protects certain animals in certain facilities, however the act is not effective as animal advocates would like. The AWA requires that facilities are to be licensed or registered. Once that is done they are subjected to unannounced inspections. Any failures to comply with the AWA’s standards can lead to fines. The AWA does not do much to protect farm animals, and there are currently no federal laws or regulations for the care of animals raised for food. From an animal rights perspective, the AWA does little to protect animals because the use of animals is not challenged. Since 95% of the animals used in research are mice and rats, and nine billion animals are slaughtered for food in the United States are exempted, the majority of animals used by humans are excluded from the AWA’s protection. In fact, as long as the animals have adequate food, water, and shelter the AWA allows animals to suffer and die in places such as zoos, circuses, and research facilities. At the federal level, however, there are laws governing the care of zoo, circus, and marine animals. In the United States and Europe, there is a widely cited animal welfare document known as the Five Freedom’s.
• Freedom from hunger and thirst: Animals are to have access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigor.
• Freedom from discomfort: The animals should have an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting