Arguments Against Prenatal Genetic Testing

Improved Essays
Prenatal genetic testing is beginning to become more at ease as mentioned by Carolyn Gonter in her 2004 article, The Expressivist Argument, Prenatal Diagnosis, and Selective Abortion: An Appeal to the Social Construction of Disability:
As the ease of prenatal genetic testing increases alongside an increase in the number and variety of conditions testable, so does the general view, both in medical and social communities, that prenatal testing is a logical extension of good prenatal care with the goal of healthy babies. (p. 1)
Some people argue having the screening performed on expecting mothers will be more harmful to the health of the unborn child and the mother, than helpful. Some may also be concerned about the psychological viewpoint and
…show more content…
The NIPT should not be done on expecting mothers who are considered a high risk or already been tested for Down syndrome because it will present a false positive stating that the baby could have Down syndrome. According to Merryn Ekberg (2007) article, “the greatest benefits gained from prenatal genetic testing are the prevention of the birth of the child with chronic genetic disease and offering prospective parents a degree of liberation from reproductive risks.” (p. 67) The most important benefits of the prenatal genetic testing include: giving the mother the opportunity, or option to have an abortion, if there is any degree of being at risk in reproduction; it prevents the mother from giving birth to a child who is special needs and medically fragile; and it prevents emotional distress and financial struggle of giving birth to a child with genetic issues, or health conditions. It also gives the mother the opportunity to prepare or plan for the future of the child’s needs. There are several risks to having the prenatal genetic testing done which can include: the intervention of private lives, reproductive freedom loss, and discrimination of disability, sexual, racial conditions, and wrongful deaths. “With over 8000 single gene defects that affect at least 1% of the adult population, the demand for prenatal genetic testing is rapidly increasing.” (Ekberg, Merryn (2007), p. 68) …show more content…
The decision is based on the mother and the doctor whether or not the child should be genetically tested for any conditions. The decision to have the prenatal genetic testing perform could cause a big controversy on unethical and ethical issues. However, by making the decision to have the prenatal genetic screening done could cause psychological issues such as anxieties, making it very stressful in trying to decide. It can be very shocking or disturbing to some mothers who find out that their child could be born with abnormalities or a disability, and they do not know how to handle the situation. It can also be a hard decision to make in having to terminate a pregnancy because of a health condition of the unborn, or the unborn is not developing right. However, some mothers accept the fact their child could be born with abnormalities or a disability. It will be less stressful if the mother was educated and counseled on the risks preventions and maximize the benefits, to prevent unwanted babies from suffering from abuse or neglect because the intervention of the prenatal genetic screening was not performed, giving the mother options on what she wants to do with her

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Overall, genetic testing is not an inexpensive practice and there are certain criteria that patients need to meet to undergo testing. With knowing in advance your genetic future, everyone will want to be tested. With genetic diseases, a person is already subject and/or at a higher risk for the disease regardless of what they do, such as seen with the BRAC1 and/or BRAC2 mutation. People that carry that specific gene undergo prophylactic mastectomy to lower their risk for breast cancer. Additionally, knowing your genetic future can lead to eugenics since science is advancing it is improving the human population.…

    • 1009 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Nia Jagroop/ ELSI Capstone Essay/ May 2017 The human experience is very complex and our lives are undoubtedly shaped by our environmental input, which may come in the form of knowledge, in this case, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) for newborns. As individuals, we have a right to filter the informational input received even from the time of birth from the health care establishment. Our genetic makeup, while profound and revealing, may be so dramatically life altering that some may choose to live without knowing it at all. At this stage, WGS interpretation is still being explored and represents an area of science that the public may be wary about.…

    • 1575 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Those who may have this objection believe that if we withhold the possibility of a better life or the possibility of a higher skill set we would be neglecting our children. In the reading, “Genetic Interventions and the Ethics of Enhancement of Human Beings” by Julian Savulescu, Savulescu gives the case of Neglectful Parents who have a child born with amazing intellect but needs a simple, cheap dietary supplement to sustain the child’s intellect but the parents neglect the diet for their child and the child’s amazing intellect becomes normal(Savulescu, 820).The author here believes that the Neglectful Parents are wrong for preventing their child of something great. In the case of PGD testing, if we don’t chose the embryos with the best potential that the parents want then we are neglecting the future child. Utilitarianism is the principle that brings about the greatest amount of happiness(9). Utilitarians would say that being able to choose what you want your child to be would be the best way to bring about the most…

    • 1214 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The controversial prenatal tests have the ability to provide families with extremely useful information regarding the health of their baby, yet these tests also come with risks, such as miscarriages. To prevent these safety concerns, alterations to the test need to take place. While many parents choose to take the chance and go through with the test, “others refuse testing because it carries risks: Amniocentese causes miscarriage in between 1 in 200 and 1 in 400 cases; CVS has even higher risk--1 in 100” (Painter, 1997, p. 5). Amniocentesis and CVS consist of two examples in genetic testing that have been statistically proven to come with risks. Amniocentesis is “a test of the amniotic fluid around the baby” and Chorionic villus sampling, CVS,…

    • 278 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Non invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a new method in which cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), circulating in a mother’s blood is analysed to detect aneuploidies (in particular trisomy 21). The breakdown of fetal and placental cells results in cffDNA which is then cleared from the mother within a few hours, therefore it can be analysed to detect chromosome defects for the current foetus. Currently in the UK, NIPT is offered by the NHS to high risk pregnant women for a number of conditions, approved by the UK Genetic Testing Network. Women at high risk can include; family history of aneuploidy, advanced maternal age and abnormal ultrasound. With the technology becoming more advanced and readily available it raises questions as to whether it should be offered to any woman who asks for it under the NHS.…

    • 1026 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Prenatal testing is a test for the prenatal baby to check for genetic anomalies. Before the baby is even born, families can be assured or informed about babies genetic conditions. ART and prenatal testing effect expecting mothers in negative and positive ways,…

    • 1268 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Decent Essays

    In McMahan’s article, he proposes four objections for testing for a disability. The first objection is that screening for a disability in a fetus would discriminate against the fetus. He argues that it leads to people wanting “perfect” children and then discriminating against those with…

    • 567 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Amniocentesis

    • 428 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The test is conducted in search of birth defects and genetic disorder in the developing baby (Gross, 2011). However, this test is gear towards women who are 35 or older, have had other pregnancy with birth disorder, or there is a family history with genetic disorder (Gross, 2011). The benefits of having this test done early in the pregnancy allows the parents to become aware of any birth defects detected in the baby, as well as give them the option to decide if they want to continue with the pregnancy, or terminate it.…

    • 428 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Genetic Screening Ethical

    • 1688 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Being able to pick and choose how your baby will look and what traits they will have, but that is a reality now. While many people can disagree this, that isn’t necessarily true. You can use genetic screening in an ethical way because you are able to find out if you can have a healthy baby. While it might end up costing the people who do it a lot of money up front, in the end it will not. If someone had a baby and genetically passes down a disease that they had, it might end up costing them more for care in the end, resulting in even more money being spent on medical bills.…

    • 1688 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    With today’s technology it is much easier to test a baby’s chromosomes. After giving birth, chromosome analysis can be done via blood test, before birth via prenatal testing i.e. Amniocenteses or Chorionic villus sampling. This topic is controversial and there are mixed feelings if the testing should be done. I feel that doing prenatal testing in advance is unnecessary because generally, people do not terminate a pregnancy even when they hear that the fetus might have chromosomal abnormalities. Why should one go through all the angst of taking the controversial test and then wait with fear for the results?…

    • 360 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Wow!! Designing my baby before it's born, how exciting. Genetic selection is the process that can be the used to determine sex, as well as genetic disease that are passed down through the family line. The process that allows one to do that is Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) ((How genetic screening could work, 2012).). Advances in biology and medical technology are opening doors in the medical world to where it’s possible for parents to specifically select traits for their children.…

    • 1833 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    According to a qualitative study conducted by the American Journal of Medical Genetics, ten different types of emotional effects from the use of genetic testing have been identified, including anxiety, anger, and guilt (Davies, Donnai, McAllister, Payne, Nicholls, & MacLeod, 2007). These emotional effects are all linked to depression as well, which could potentially turn into a much bigger issue. Genetic testing has even laid the foundation to the rise in a new type of discrimination, genetic information discrimination. Those who possess a gene mutation that could cause or increase the risk of an inherited disorder are treated differently by their employer or insurance provider. Family history is also taken into consideration when looking at genetic information to see whether or not an individual has the potential of contracting a certain gene (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2015).…

    • 937 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    For example, when they have the genetic diseases such as Down syndromes, Phenylketonuria, diabetes type 1, they are very difficult to find a job or a partner, or even they can be teased by a lot of people in the society life, so every day, they usually face a lot of challenges from society discrimination. Having a lot of challenges in their life can be solved by genetic testing. When they decide that they do this test at the soon time, they can detect the problem in their gen and have appropriate treatment from the doctor is very necessary for them to can avoid their genetic mutation become the genetic disease. Moreover, in the United States have a lot of organization that protects people from social discrimination because of differences in their DNA. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, also referred to as GINA, is a new federal law that protects Americans from being treated unfairly because of differences in their DNA that may affect their health (“Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008”).…

    • 1456 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Genetic testing can help fix many complications such as: finding genetic abnormalities and helping couples through in vitro fertilization. Genetic testing is very beneficial for many people; however, the majority of people will use it during pregnancy or when thinking about conceiving a child. Everyone that does genetic testing volunteers because all types of testing are voluntary (“What is genetic… reference.”). Before a person is tested they should make sure that they have as much of their medical history known…

    • 1183 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    It can be extremely hard to think about your child having a disorder. Knowing that they have a disorder, can give the parents the time they need to cope with what they are about to be faced with. In the begging parents are left to agonize about the possibility that their baby has a potentially devastating condition (Timmermans). When parents are faced with this it will hurt and they will be sad. Prenatal testing can make having a baby easier emotionally.…

    • 1604 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays