Case management in health and social service programs evolved since the 1970s. It reflects a changing public policy, a clear appreciation of challenges of living with chronic illness faced by older adults and their caregivers, and a variety of approaches to financing and providing services in the continuum of care, including primary, acute, in-home, community-based, and long-term services. Case managers are located in hospitals, clinics, community agencies providing in-home services, Area Agencies on Aging, adult day care centers, and health maintenance organizations. Case managers may be employed in government programs, nonprofit community agencies, and for-profit service providers, or may be in
private
private