Antimicrobial resistance has long been a topic of research due to the increase prescription of antibiotics. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, antimicrobial resistance is defined as a microbe’s ability to change when exposed to antibiotics and allow them to resist the effects1. This causes the antibiotics to be unsuccessful in treating bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance happens when a bacterium has the ability to survive against antibiotics causing a selectivity for the resistant strains to be able to grow and reproduce2. This is mostly due to microbes constantly evolving and the ability for bacterial cells to gain new genes rapidly through horizontal gene transfer. Genes can be taken inside the cell from the environment
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epidermidis to erythromycin, a Mueller- Hinton agar plate was swabbed 4 times with a control broth culture of S. epidermidis to get a confluent lawn of growth. Two antibiotic disks of 15 micrograms of erythromycin were added to the plate. The plates were allowed to incubate for 48 hours at 37C to allow the first round of exposure of the bacteria to the antibiotic. After incubation, the zone of inhibition was observed, and the diameter was measured with a ruler. The zone of inhibition is a circular clear zone around the antibiotic disk that inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis. The diameter measurement of the zone of inhibition determined if the bacteria were sensitive (>23 mm), intermediate (14-22 mm), or resistant(<14 mm) to the antibiotic. Resistant clones are colonies that are able to survive inside the clear zones because they are resistant to erythromycin. Since there were no resistant clones found, the cells from the outer rim edge of the zone of inhibition were utilized to make a quadrant streak to subculture potential resistant colonies. The subculture was allowed to incubate for 5 days at 37C. After incubation, the plates were inspected for growth of S. epidermidis. This growth was used for the second round of exposure to erythromycin. The second round of exposure was repeated as stated
epidermidis to erythromycin, a Mueller- Hinton agar plate was swabbed 4 times with a control broth culture of S. epidermidis to get a confluent lawn of growth. Two antibiotic disks of 15 micrograms of erythromycin were added to the plate. The plates were allowed to incubate for 48 hours at 37C to allow the first round of exposure of the bacteria to the antibiotic. After incubation, the zone of inhibition was observed, and the diameter was measured with a ruler. The zone of inhibition is a circular clear zone around the antibiotic disk that inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis. The diameter measurement of the zone of inhibition determined if the bacteria were sensitive (>23 mm), intermediate (14-22 mm), or resistant(<14 mm) to the antibiotic. Resistant clones are colonies that are able to survive inside the clear zones because they are resistant to erythromycin. Since there were no resistant clones found, the cells from the outer rim edge of the zone of inhibition were utilized to make a quadrant streak to subculture potential resistant colonies. The subculture was allowed to incubate for 5 days at 37C. After incubation, the plates were inspected for growth of S. epidermidis. This growth was used for the second round of exposure to erythromycin. The second round of exposure was repeated as stated