Cagle, J. G., Zimmerman, S., Cohen, L. W., Porter, L. S., Hanson, L. C., & Reed, D. (2015). Empower: An intervention to address barriers to pain management in hospice. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 49(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.05.007.
This study was conducted to assess initial effectiveness of the Effective Management of Pain: Overcoming Worries to Enable Relief (EMPOWER) intervention. This study included four hospices, which included hospice staff education, staff screening barriers to pain management upon admission, and addressing misunderstandings of pain management with the family caregivers and end of life patients, majority (59%) with a primary diagnosis of cancer. The trial included 126 …show more content…
L., Elliott, J. E., Rao, S. M., Fahey, K. F., Paul, S. M., & Miaskowski, C. (2012). A randomized, clinical trial of education or motivational-interviewing-based coaching compared to usual care to improve cancer pain management. In Oncology Nursing Forum 39(1), 39-49. doi: …show more content…
The study consisted of 318 adult cancer patients, who are experiencing pain. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, standardized education, or coaching. The patients in the educational and coaching groups watched a video and received a brochure on cancer pain management. Furthermore, patients in the coaching group coaching participated in four telephone session with an advanced practice nurse who used motivational interviewing approaches in order to decrease the attitudinal barriers to pain management. Initially, the three groups completed questionnaires, demographics, Karnafosky Performance Status (KPS) scale, the Brief Pain Inventory, Barriers Questionnaire (BQ). Six weeks after the final phone session, the same questionnaires were repeated to compare the results. Educational interventions have validated decrease in cancer pain, and pain interference scores (P= 0.01). Coaching with motivational interviews increased patients’ compliance with cancer pain management and pain interference scores (P= 0.03 and 0.02). And, standardized mass- produced educational materials were not supported by this study as a tool for pain management effectiveness. At the end of this study, there were no significant differences for pain