Anisole is activating. The reason it is considered to be activating is because of the electron pairs on the ether molecule. Furthermore, the electrons activate the benzene ring which makes it more reactive. On the other hand, if benzoic acid replaced anisole in the experiment, it would act as a deactivating group. Carboxylic acid pulls electrons from the benzene ring acting as a withdrawing group which causes a slower reaction with the increase of stability and decrease in reactivity due to resonance. The electrophile is formed from acetyl chloride once the aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) is added hence, forming the carbocation and the Tetrachloroaluminate (AlCl4 -). Anisole captures the carbocation which forms resonance of the newly formed carbocation within the benzene ring. The position in which the electrophile goes is
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However, improvements for this experiment may be to use a higher percentage of sodium bicarbonate to get rid of emulsions and hydrochloric acid, as well as use a water bath to speed up the evaporation time. Another improvement may be to use alumina as a filtering agent to get rid of the additional byproducts.
Friedel-Crafts acylation occurs as a quality control assay for steroids. The alkene groups in a 25:1 mixture of 98% acetyl chloride and 70% perchloric acid is used to distinguish between steroid analogs. A 25:1 AC/PA mixture along with AC with zinc acetate reagent were used to investigate the steroids. A color change occurs which also leads to the steroids being measured in a spectrum. Hence, Friedel-Crafts acylations using the AC/PA reagent under less hostile conditions turns out to be the speciation and quantitation of unsaturation in many natural products.
Although, the percent yield was high and crystals were not formed, this experiment was successful because three functional groups on p-methoxyacetophenone were observed on the
However, improvements for this experiment may be to use a higher percentage of sodium bicarbonate to get rid of emulsions and hydrochloric acid, as well as use a water bath to speed up the evaporation time. Another improvement may be to use alumina as a filtering agent to get rid of the additional byproducts.
Friedel-Crafts acylation occurs as a quality control assay for steroids. The alkene groups in a 25:1 mixture of 98% acetyl chloride and 70% perchloric acid is used to distinguish between steroid analogs. A 25:1 AC/PA mixture along with AC with zinc acetate reagent were used to investigate the steroids. A color change occurs which also leads to the steroids being measured in a spectrum. Hence, Friedel-Crafts acylations using the AC/PA reagent under less hostile conditions turns out to be the speciation and quantitation of unsaturation in many natural products.
Although, the percent yield was high and crystals were not formed, this experiment was successful because three functional groups on p-methoxyacetophenone were observed on the