Berkeley believed that there is nothing that the mind imagines that has not already been interpreted by the senses. Thus, Berkeley rejects the idea of representative realism due to the fact that representative realism states that our awareness is a direct representation of things the way they are. Berkeley supports his belief by providing two critiques of representative realism. Berkeley’s first critique proposes that what we perceive is mental and what is real is material substance. He goes on to add that a material substance is not mental and we only have knowledge of what we perceive, so therefore we have no knowledge of what is real. Berkeley’s second critique follows the modus tollens argument. His argument states that if representative
