For example, a business executive may be motivated to support the bike paths as an instrumental means to enhance his or her public image; however, he or she is likely to lose interest if a less expensive image-enhancing opportunity arises (Ahmad, Batson, and Tsang, 2002). The four motives for community involvement include, egoism, altruism, collectivism, and principlism (2002). Human actions are always and inevitably directed toward the ultimate goal of self-benefit; however, recent research suggests that the human capacity for caring is not limited to one’s own interest (2002). For instance, politicians campaign towards civilians enlightened self-interest by raising concern over pollution, funding, and poverty (2002). A non-tangible self-benefit for acting for the common good is also a way to avoid shame or guilt. Altruism is “motivation with the ultimate goal of increasing the welfare of one or more individuals other than onself” (Ahmad, Batson, and Tsang, 2002, p. 436). However altruistic behaviours are likely to diminish overtime as empathetic feelings are discriminately valued upon kinship. People in need are too remote and thus their problems are long-term (2002). Collectivism is “motivation with the ultimate goal of increasing the welfare of a group or collective” (Ahmad, Batson, and Tsang, 2002, p. 437). Community needs are difficult to address because they risk becoming social dilemmas. Lastly, principlism refers to motivation with the ultimate goal of preserving a moral principle (2002). A major concern with principlism includes an inability to determine if a particular principle applies and in consequences, individuals succumb to moral exclusion, moral displacement, and moral hypocrisy. Often, individuals conveniently forget to think about their moral principles if an opportunity arrives that serves
For example, a business executive may be motivated to support the bike paths as an instrumental means to enhance his or her public image; however, he or she is likely to lose interest if a less expensive image-enhancing opportunity arises (Ahmad, Batson, and Tsang, 2002). The four motives for community involvement include, egoism, altruism, collectivism, and principlism (2002). Human actions are always and inevitably directed toward the ultimate goal of self-benefit; however, recent research suggests that the human capacity for caring is not limited to one’s own interest (2002). For instance, politicians campaign towards civilians enlightened self-interest by raising concern over pollution, funding, and poverty (2002). A non-tangible self-benefit for acting for the common good is also a way to avoid shame or guilt. Altruism is “motivation with the ultimate goal of increasing the welfare of one or more individuals other than onself” (Ahmad, Batson, and Tsang, 2002, p. 436). However altruistic behaviours are likely to diminish overtime as empathetic feelings are discriminately valued upon kinship. People in need are too remote and thus their problems are long-term (2002). Collectivism is “motivation with the ultimate goal of increasing the welfare of a group or collective” (Ahmad, Batson, and Tsang, 2002, p. 437). Community needs are difficult to address because they risk becoming social dilemmas. Lastly, principlism refers to motivation with the ultimate goal of preserving a moral principle (2002). A major concern with principlism includes an inability to determine if a particular principle applies and in consequences, individuals succumb to moral exclusion, moral displacement, and moral hypocrisy. Often, individuals conveniently forget to think about their moral principles if an opportunity arrives that serves