This is the first reading I read too. As you said Ackoff sees the concept of data in a different way rather than others. It is like a journey for a person to understand from ‘Data’ to ‘Wisdom’. If a human being successfully analyzed the first four contents such as data, information, knowledge, and understanding, he/she can definitely withstand their wisdom in the future as well. Say, I have the wisdom in MS Access. I acquired this wisdom through experience and lots of research. Then I can use that wisdom while I would study SQL.
