Abortion Is Morally Permissible By Mary Anne Warren

Great Essays
Warren’s article “Abortion Is Morally Permissible” discusses if a fetus deserves to have a right to live. She begins her argument with describing why fetuses do not deserve rights because they do not have any traits of personhood. She then points out that even throughout the entire pregnancy a fetus does not deserve rights, she ends her argument by stating that even though a fetus has the potential to become a person it should not have as much rights as a pregnant women who is already a person. Warren’s argument is thought out and has very little mistakes, but the few mistakes that are there can be pulled apart and can be used to destroy her argument. In the article “Abortion Is Morally Permissible” Warren argues that a women should be allowed …show more content…
Warren starts by refuting the main argument which argues that it is wrong to kill fetuses, she says that the argument uses two different definitions of the term “human” which makes the argument invalid. Warren does a good job describing each definition and showing when the argument uses each definition of the term “human”. Later on in the article Warren attempts to define the traits of personhood, she uses the traits to help prove that fetuses are not a person which means they have no rights, but she mistakenly states that her definition of personhood is not a complete concept of personhood. This mistake allows people to refute her argument because if this is not the full definition of personhood then Warren might be leaving out part of the definition that might give fetuses rights. To make it even worse Warren explains that an entity does not need all the traits to be classified as a person, so if there are traits that are left out of the definition of personhood and if any of those traits describe a fetus, then makes it even easier to refute Warren’s argument. If we assume that Warren’s definition of personhood is complete, then her argument proving that fetuses are not a person is well thought out and hard to refute. In the argument she states that a human whose conscious has been destroyed is no longer a person which means they have no rights, this might upset a lot of people because there are many humans that fall under this situation. Many people will disagree with her on this situation because most people would agree that any fully grown human that is alive deserves to have full rights. Warren than argues that a women should be able to get an abortion at any time during the pregnancy,

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    I think that Warren needs to stress the claim that while both a fetus and infant are not persons, by her definition of personhood, a fetus’s rights are completely dependent on the mother, in contrast to an infant. While a fetus is inside of the mother, a fetus is not a part of the moral community, and all the mother’s rights outweigh the fetus’s. The fetus’s right to life is overridden by the mothers right to her body because she has full moral status, while the fetus does not. An infant however, no longer is dependent on their mother’s rights, since it’s not using her body to…

    • 750 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Infanticide is the killing of an infant. Infant is a newborn, not full of age. Abortion is a medicare procedure used to end pregnancy, and cause death of fetus. A Fetus is an unborn or unhatched vertebrate especially after attaining the basic structural plan of its kind. A Person is a human being, whereas to Warren a being that can think and understand (approximately starts at the age of 5, elementary school). An Adult is a human fully grown and developed. A Potential Person is a person to be, a person that will become a human being, refers to future. Warren’s stance seems to be that infanticide is okay due to a generalization about society’s stance on infanticide without creating reason; just claiming it without…

    • 1173 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In one of his points he mentions the innocent-human-life perspective which states the syllogism “1. All innocent human beings have the right to life, 2. All human fetuses are innocent human beings, 3. Therefore, all human fetuses have the right to life.”. Another one of his points when arguing with singer Mary Anne Warren who stated “being a person in terms of the traits of consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, the capacity to communicate, and the presence of self-concepts, nothing, too, that her characterization of personhood” a person must have these at least some of these in order to be consider a person and therefore fetus’s lack the right to life because they don’t have these traits. Marquis argues that the way Warren’s view of personhood is wrong. He states that “if we take it quite literally, it is too narrow. Someone who is asleep is no conscious, is not reason, and is not exhibiting self-motivated activity. A final point that Marquis mention he says “individual future of value at a given age is one’s potential at that age to live to a greater age and to have a future life that on would value.” He’s saying if we get rid of that one life which is the fetus is basically taking her future value of her life away. Then goes on mentioning about P-Future of Value where if a…

    • 1030 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Warren mainly emphasizes that “the rights of an actual person always outweighs those of a potential person” (Munson & Ian, 2016, p. 493). Just like the “anti” abortion views, Warren finds it always permissible to receive an abortion when due to rape. The woman carrying the child is an actual person who participates in the community around her, while the fetus has the potential to be a person just as the woman. But the fetus has yet to become this actual person. Warren would argue against Marquis view, that the value of the future for the woman carry the fetus is more important than the future of the fetus. So if a woman feels the need to get an abortion at any time because she feels as though the baby is infringing on her rights and livelihood, then she has a right based on that she is a person and the fetus in a potential…

    • 1416 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The subject of abortion is a highly controversial topic, with each side firmly believing that the opposing view is prima facie immoral. Much discussion regarding abortion is focused on whether or not a fetus can be categorized as a person. Many assume that if a fetus is labeled as a person, then it would be wrong to kill it; however, if a fetus has not reached personhood, then it should be fine to end its life. Judith Thomson decides to circumvent this discussion, realizing that it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to determine at which point a fetus becomes a person with a right to life. For the sake of argumentation, Judith assumes that a fetus is a person. However, instead of automatically…

    • 1887 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Thomson Abortion Analysis

    • 1563 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Nevertheless, Marquis states that there needs to be a clear basis in which a person has the right personhood, to know on what grounds a fetus is considered a person. Marquis goes on to say that, the reasoning for why it’s wrong to kill is because the person that was killed lost the right to a life of actions and emotion they would have had otherwise. That being said Marquis claims that all animals have a right to life as well as humans. This goes without saying that fetuses have a right to a future worth living like everyone else, even if they are not considered…

    • 1563 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A major issue I was confronted with as I was presented with Thomson’s argument is that she says “The fetus, being a person, has a right to life, but as the mother is a person too, so has she a right to life. Presumably they have an equal right to life.” Thomson seems to think that since the right to live for both subjects are equal but the body belongs to the mother, the mother is morally permitted to do as she desires with it and hence, abort the child if necessary. It is here that I sympathize more closely with an idea offered by Don Marquis who argued that the impermissibility of abortion lies in the fact that by killing a child, one is depriving them of the right to live a future life that they else would’ve lived. If we were to sort these two distinct ideas in a way that makes them counterparts to one another, I would argue that the fetus is more justified to their right to life than the mother. Rather than prioritizing one life over another which, as Thomson is so careful to not do herself, I am offering a conclusion contradictory to Thomson’s by incorporating Marquis’ argument. For example, if a mother engages in unprotected sexual activity knowingly of the dire consequences that may arise, I would go as far as to say that she does in fact hold a special moral responsibility to the child. Saying that she is morally permitted to abort a child after neglectful decision-making simply due to the fact that she owns her own body is absurd. In no case does a fetus desire nor request to be born. They come into existence and the mere fact that they do exist gives them their right to live, perhaps in a more so justifiable way than the mother who has now lived a life long enough to reach sexual maturity. In other words, the mother has already lived a life; She has…

    • 1170 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    She claims that the fetus has none of these characteristics of a person in the early stages of development, and thus it is not a person with moral rights in those stages. She suggested that fetus would to meet certain criteria’s. Sentience is defined as persons who have capacity for conscious experience, including experience of pain and pleasure. Emotionality deals with feelings. Reason is a person being able to solve problems using their minds. Communicate is being able to communicate ideas to another individual. Self-awareness is a person being able to understand themselves as distinct from other individuals. With moral agency, people can regulate their behavior according to their ideas and principles. According to Warren, these criteria’s would determine if the fetus has moral status as humans. I also believe that pregnant women would to be monitored to confirm those criteria’s. Warren believes that the first couple weeks of pregnancy a fetus does not have a functional nervous system and it isn’t capable to have the same experience as humans. Warren also describes the fetus isn’t aware of itself and can’t control itself in any type of way. She believes early fetuses are not humans. She believes that abortion is morally…

    • 1246 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Every unborn child should have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in the second and third trimester. In 2010, research shows that states indicated that unborn children are considered humans under tort, property and criminal law (Roden, 2010). By these laws shown, a mother shouldn’t get to choose whether the fetus lives or dies. The unborn child is its own person and by a mother aborting her own child should be considered murder. Under law a child is supposed to be born for many different reasons, including being capable of having a legacy (Roden, 2010).…

    • 1331 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Abortion is the planned termination of a human pregnancy. Several philosophers and activists have argued over if it is permissible. The author of A Defense of Abortion, Judith Jarvis Thomson, is correct about her argument that abortion is permissible even if the fetus is a person. This is because a woman’s right to bodily autonomy, which, combined with the woman’s own right to life, takes precedent over a fetus’s right to life. Even if people claim that she gave the fetus permission to be there, she should not be forced into going against her right to bodily autonomy. Also, there are some cases in that perhaps an abortion would be better for the fetus because the pregnancy was not on purpose, and once it is born, it cannot be given the best…

    • 1157 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Brilliant Essays

    She suggests that because a pregnancy is such a great sacrifice, that, while women should carry a child to term after becoming pregnant, we cannot require them to do so. This argument also requires that the fetus’ right to life is subject to the mother’s whim and does not carry as much weight as the first two arguments. Thomson concludes the article by saying that she is not attempting to delineate the circumstances in which a pregnancy might be morally permissible and those in which it isn’t, but rather to make it clear that even if we consider a fetus to be a person, that abortion can still be morally permissible. This weakens her argument a great deal, instead of providing a proscriptive criterion to base the morality of abortion on, she simply provides what may be a series of fringe cases to establish that while abortion is normally wrong, it isn’t always so.…

    • 1880 Words
    • 8 Pages
    • 1 Works Cited
    Brilliant Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Where Thomson addresses John Paul II’s missed premise about the content to the right to life, leads his argument to be an invalid conclusion. She also touches upon and disagrees that the fetus’s rights outweigh that of the mother whereas Paul II believes otherwise. Warren chooses to elaborate Thomson's objections with the argument of what constitutes as person, and personhood, with the five traits that a fetus does not satisfy. Thus, according to these counterarguments the traditional argument loses its validity; leading to my own conclusion that the argument is invalid.…

    • 1013 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Abortion is a serious issue that has been going on for years, many people don’t fully understand abortion, and why people choose to do it. Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. This usually is performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. There are different views on abortion, some agree and some don’t. abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether abortion is ethical or not. philosophers Mary Anne Warren and Don Marquis have different views on the morality of abortion. Warren believes abortion is not immoral and Marquis argues that it is. Pro-choice activists believe that the…

    • 827 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    ‘’It is just a blob of tissue, not a baby” (“Pro Life Vs Pro Choice: An Introduction to the Debate’’). Because most abortions are done with in the first trimester or slightly after, it is hard to consider it as killing a living, breathing human being. ‘’Personhood begins after a fetus is able to survive outside of the womb or after birth, not at conception’’ (“Should Abortion Be Legal?”). Out of the seven characteristics of life, five cannot be demonstrated by a fetus within the first trimester if it was to be removed from the womb of the mother. These characterizes of life are as follows: all living things grow, all living things reproduce, all living things have the ability to adapt to their environments, all living things use energy, and all living things have the ability to respond to different stimuli introduced into their environment (“The seven characteristics of life”). If a fetus is removed from the womb, it is cut off from all nutrition or energy that it receives from its mother. Without nutrition, it can no longer thrive, grow, or develop on its own and the only response to any stimuli presented is death. Most abortions save women from gruesome psychological effects due to rape or incest. Forcing a woman to carry and give birth to a child without her consent is bound to cause more psychological harm than the abortion itself (“10 Arguments: For and Against Abortion”). In most fetus fatal abnormalities such as a missing limb can be detected which can result in death shortly before or after the baby is born. Even for those abnormalities that are nonfatal, most mothers are not financially stable to take care of a disabled child and abortions are their best option ("Should Abortion Be…

    • 782 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Abortion is one of the most controversial and heated issues in the United States today. There are two different views on this controversy. There are those who are pro-choice, whom believe that woman have the right to choose to have an abortion or not. Then, there are those who are pro-life, whom believe that a fetus should have right to life. Marry Warren, the author of “Abortion is Morally Permissible”, falls under the category of being pro-choice. She believes any law that stops woman from aborting, violates on woman basic moral rights to have control over ones own body. Warren’s staple claim is that the unborn are not human because the fetus doesn’t meet the requirements of personhood. In arguing her point as she does, the article is filled…

    • 1206 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays