The primary
The primary
The current problems that surround Aboriginal title is a result of the historical development that transpired when European colonizers decided to claim land ownership over Canada. In the process of acquiring sovereignty over territories, the British Crown infringed on the land rights of Aboriginal people. The Europeans took complete control over the land by depriving Aboriginal people’s right to self-determination and land. The Canadian government has recently come to recognize past injustices and abuses against Aboriginal people.…
John was the first prime minister of Canada and he helped to create Canada as we see it today. Sir Macdonald was a very well accomplished man; the building of trans-Canadian railroad, his deft handling of relations with the US, dealing with the rebellion of the northwest, and his phenomenal skills to deal with French and English interests within reason, ( “Prime Ministers”) are just a few of his many accomplishments. John helped to get the railroad that linked Canada from west to east built, he gave Canadians the opportunity to settle everywhere in Canada, succeeding in the railway he created the gateway to immigration and greatness. The rebellion of the northwest allowed our government to really make a statement…
The first reading addressed was “Settling differences: Managing and representing people and land in the Canadian national project.” by Eva Mackey. One of the first concepts Mackey discusses is the idea of “white settler innocence” (p. 26), which explores how European settlement in Canada claimed to be superordinate to the Native people already residing on the land, but seemingly treated them fairly, giving them land and autonomy, when in fact their intent was secretly selfish. Because of this “white settler innocence” (p. 26), Canada garnered a reputation as an accepting and tolerant nation, in particularly towards the Native people, especially when compared to the United State’s treatment of Native people. When in fact Canadian’s only used…
Over the course of its history, Canada is often considered a safe haven for a large amount of people from places such as the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and possibly the United States after this November’s election. In the article An Unknown Country by Roy Macgregor, the idea that Canada is formed from countless different cultures, and a leader in acceptance and tolerance is a central notion brought forth, despite discussing some blemishes in it’s past in welcoming others. In essence, the main idea that he depicts in the article is that Canada is lacking a distinct Canadian identity, but what makes us Canadian is that we are made up of a wide variety cultures that came from other countries, and we pride ourselves in that concept. While some could argue that Canada has several inspirations that are especially Canadian, such as hockey and maple syrup, this alone is not enough to establish an identity that it can call it’s own. So, as a result, Macgregor argues…
Cardinal acted as an advocate for the First Nations by promoting their rights and keeping their culture alive. Generally speaking, he helped the aboriginal community which allowed others to realise what type of man he really was. “I have known Dr. Harold Cardinal since long before he completed the triple crown of becoming a ‘Doctor, Lawyer, and Indian Chief’,” said AFN National Chief Phil Fontaine. “He truly has been an inspirational warrior and leader for First Nations all of his life.” At the time, he desired a close relationship with a humble acquaintance with Fontaine.…
Appeals are made here both to emotion and to reader interests as a Canadian audience may let the question at hand motivate them to seek answers. Page 2 His focus then shifts more towards precedent when claiming that: “… our democracy has, for much of its history, been a dependent one, first on the United Kingdom and then on the United States” (Toope, 2013, P.223). Toope is taking Canada’s dependence on others in the past and comparing it with its “inability” through 150 years to write its own story as a nation. However, he goes on to make concessions in the following paragraph, stating that Canadians have much to be proud; For example, creating a society marked by relative openness to immigration, its ability to attract large numbers of people from foreign shores, encouraging social integration, its history of social mobility, and the explosion of talent and global recognition in recent years (Toope, 2013, P.224). The concessions made demonstrate Toope’s ability to recognize both sides of the argument without weakening his…
John Diefenbaker and the Canadian Bill of Rights John Diefenbaker was the thirteenth Prime minister of Canada. He was elected in 1957, forming the Progressive Conservative Government, and from the beginning of his campaign, he made it a promise that he would create a Bill of Rights for Canada. He was a very progressive Prime Minister who believed in equality and fairness, “Diefenbaker brought diversity into government- he appointed the first woman to a cabinet post and the first Aboriginal person to the Senate.” (Canadian Decades 1960, p. 20) Citizens of Canada appreciated his dedication, and his commitment both to the Bill of Rights and to Canada deserves recognition. There was reasons that Canada needed a Bill of Rights.…
But when the Statute of Westminster was declared on December 11, 1931, it signed Canada’s status as an independent nation for almost ninety years. The sense of pride felt by most Canadians, with all of their nation’s accomplishments and fights for freedom, liberty, and autonomy brings together a sense of nationhood where there previously was very little. Lastly, Canada’s autonomy affected the most Canadians, because it affected all Canadians. Any citizen would be proud to be part of the nation with such a rich history that resulted in alliances, sovereignty, and…
Social and political marginalization, as well as political turmoil most accurately, construe Canada’s inherent history of…
Canada would not be Canada if it were not for the land and wealth that indigenous peoples were deprived of in order for this country to grow. Palmater mentions that the land that rightfully belonged to the Indigenous peoples was unethically taken away from them for the purpose of the country’s farms, oil extraction, mining, and overall development. Both Bonspiel and Kassam argue that this was a cause of the British North America Act of July 1, 1867, which did not declare Canadian independence from Britain, and still allowed them to mistreat the Indigenous peoples by stealing their lands, territories, and resources. A nomadic lifestyle would presumably make one a disqualifier from land title, however even those indigenous nations that were not nomadic, were not Christian, a religion in which Europeans believed was a necessity to own land (Jhappan 6). Palmater also mentions that the Indian Act of 1876 was a large contributor to land claims.…
Further, the language used by John A. Macdonald in the Legislative Assembly when describing the formation of a united Canada refers to a union for the benefit of people of “the same blood and lineage” which has obvious racial and cultural implications. The residential school system, the early iterations of the Indian Act that were pioneers…
The United Aboriginal Struggle “Get over it!” A statement that has been repeated time and time again, with regards to Indigenous land. It’s a surprise that Aboriginals want their land back after centuries of not owning it. Is it not? Well, no, it is not.…
Thomas King's The Inconvenient Indian provides a harrowing and sarcastic but ultimately very real, look at the history of Indigenous peoples in North America from the time of first contact to the present. King details the relationship between non-Indigenous peoples and Indigneous peoples, establishing a subversion of history in which this relationship has continuously exploited and dominated over Indigneous people. At times a deeply personal account on his own conflicted activism, and at other times a revised edition of truths that show the identity of Indigenous peoples and how these identities have been affected by popular culture. In fact herein lies King's main theme of The Inconvenient Indian, how the stories and narratives by which legal…
150 years have passed since the date of Confederation, and just like any other anniversary, varying responses and reflections are expected. The resulting reflections have manifested into the works of many scholars and historians throughout the span of 150 years, each varying in opinion, context and approach. It is important to explore differing sources in the pursuit of the truth. The following articles “John A. MacDonald’s Aryan Canada” by Timothy Stanley, “John A. MacDonald: A Founder and Builder” by Thomas B. Symons and “MacDonald’s Relationship with Aboriginal Peoples” by Donald B. Smith provide different outlooks on the life and complicated legacies of John A. MacDonald both before, during and after Confederation, offering insight to his policies and their subsequent effects that remain prevalent today, especially to Indigenous peoples.…
Many Canadian citizens pride themselves on the multiculturalism, diversity, and equality their country thrives on. Since 1980, citizens as young as kindergarteners have been taught to sing of Canada’s home and native land in the national anthem, promoting the freedom and strength of their sovereign country. But, there is a lack of celebration for Indigenous peoples, and their distinct role in creating Canada. There is little recognition that the brutal colonization of Indigenous peoples, dispossession of their vast amounts of native land, and rationalization of racism in order to assimilate them into acceptable cultural norms, greatly influenced Canadians ability to proudly sing about the glory of their country. If there is no room in our national…