The Chernobyl disaster (1986) was probably the worst possible accident in a nuclear power plant. It was the biggest catastrophe ever happened since the beginning of operating nuclear power stations. It started by a total meltdown of the reactor core. The explosion and the consequent reactor fire, burning for 10 days, resulted in a vast emission of radioactive material, early deaths of 31 persons and adverse consequences for the public and the environment [198]. This Chernobyl disaster provided many invaluable lessons. One of them is the recognition that even near zero radiation dosage can lead to cancer death and hereditary disorders. Another lesson learned was that medical practitioners lacked the necessary knowledge and preparation for nuclear
