Social Exchange Theory: Theoretical And Conceptual Framework

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2.5 Theoretical and conceptual framework
Social Exchange Theory is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. Social exchange theory derives from several distinct lines of theoretical work in the social sciences, including social behaviorism, utilitarianism, and functionalism (Turner 1986). Exchange theory uses the concepts of rewards and costs. This refers to the benefits that a person can receive through interpersonal exchange in their social relationships. Rewards are defined as the pleasures, satisfactions, and gratifications a person enjoys from participating in a relationship (Thibaut and Kelley 1959). The costs of social exchange relationships can involve punishments experienced, the energy invested in a relationship, or
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A group will perform well when all of its members communicate and interact with each other during their discussion. A small group must have minimum of three people and up to about ten or twelve as a high-end limit (Zeuschner, 2003). Group size affects performance as well as satisfaction. For example, larger group tend to take more time to reach decisions, particularly if unanimity is required. Most of the researchers agree that five to seven members is the ideal size for a small group (Hamilton & Parker, 2001; Lumsden & Lumsden, 2004). We also know that as a group size increases, a number of subgroups may form, and that these factions tend to polarize and to distract members from the problems at hand (Tubbs, 2010). If there are too many members in a group, it is good to break the group into smaller units. As Benenson, Gordon, & Roy (2009) …show more content…
There three types of group roles. Firstly, task roles. Task roles are the roles, which can help the job done. Group task roles are those that enable the group to focus more specifically on the achievement of its goal or goals (DeVito, 1985). Those who play task role can help the group by providing many ideas, aid in collecting and organizing information, and analyze the information. According to Hybels and weaver (2009), there are some common task roles. Firstly, initiator-expediters role. Initiator-expediters are the member who suggests new ideas, goals, and solutions. They are the most creative and energetic in the group. They also can prevent the group from losing sight of its objectives. This helps the group to avoid trouble. Secondly, information givers and seekers. This type of member will seek for information and give information. Information givers are the best informed member of a group. It can lead to better discussion and can complete the task given easily. Thirdly, critic-analyzers. They are the members who analyze the information that the group gathered. The look for good and bad points of the information gathered. They have the ability look at the over picture. These members usually have an excellent sense of organization. Besides that, DeVito (1985) highlighted other specific roles are distinguished as group task roles. Those roles are opinion seeker, opinion giver, elaborator, coordinator,

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