GILLIGAN’S THEORY
Caorl Gilligan was one of the students of Kohlberg. She criticizes Kohlberg’s theory on the basis of approached made by both male and female towards morality. On the basis of her studies and researches, she criticizes Kohlberg’s theory which is only based on male bias and his studies are of typically male preoccupation with general rules and rights.
She suggests that men are always more interested in resolving moral dilemmas by applying some most important moral rules. But women always want to keep up the personal relationship with all those involved in a situation and they always give attention only on the circumstances responsible for that critical situation and not on general moral rules.
She also states that Kohlberg’s …show more content…
In this level, individual (particularly women) want to balance between caring about other people and their interests. The main aim here is to balance an individual’s needs with those of others on the basis of mutual caring. This can be achieved only through context-oriented reasoning and not by abstract rules.
2.9 HEINZ’S DILEMMA
Gilligan’s criticism on the Kohlberg’s theory can be made very clear with the help of a famous example used by Kohlberg in his questionnaires and interviews. This is called Heinz’s Dilemma.
This example was about a woman and Heinz, her husband living in Europe. The woman was affected by cancer. The doctors told her to use an expensive drug to save her life. The pharmacist who also invented that medicine charged ten times the cost of making the drug. Besides his poverty, Heinz took a lot of effort to borrow money, but he could get only half of the amount needed. He approached to the pharmacist and begged him to sell the medicine at a cheaper price or allow him to pay for it later. But the pharmacist refused to do so. Finally, without any hope, Heinz forcibly entered into the pharmacy and stolen the drug. The question here is “Was the theft morally right or …show more content…
They have to solve the problems given by the management, within the limits set by the management.
2.11.4. Social Servant
The role of engineers is not only providing service to others but also their responsibility to the society. The interests of the society can be expressed to the engineers either directly or indirectly. So, the engineers, with the co-operation of the management have the work of receiving society’s directives and satisfying the desires of the society.
2.11.5. Social enabler and Catalyst
The engineer has to play a role of creating a better society and should be the cause of making social changes. Service given by the engineers to the society includes carrying out the social directives. Engineers are needed to help the management and the society to understand their needs and to create decisions about technological development.
2.11.6. Game Player
It cannot said that engineers are servants or masters of anyone. These are playing the economic game rules which may be effective at a given time. Their aim is to play successfully within the organization enjoying the happiness of technological work and the satisfaction of winning and moving ahead in a completive
Caorl Gilligan was one of the students of Kohlberg. She criticizes Kohlberg’s theory on the basis of approached made by both male and female towards morality. On the basis of her studies and researches, she criticizes Kohlberg’s theory which is only based on male bias and his studies are of typically male preoccupation with general rules and rights.
She suggests that men are always more interested in resolving moral dilemmas by applying some most important moral rules. But women always want to keep up the personal relationship with all those involved in a situation and they always give attention only on the circumstances responsible for that critical situation and not on general moral rules.
She also states that Kohlberg’s …show more content…
In this level, individual (particularly women) want to balance between caring about other people and their interests. The main aim here is to balance an individual’s needs with those of others on the basis of mutual caring. This can be achieved only through context-oriented reasoning and not by abstract rules.
2.9 HEINZ’S DILEMMA
Gilligan’s criticism on the Kohlberg’s theory can be made very clear with the help of a famous example used by Kohlberg in his questionnaires and interviews. This is called Heinz’s Dilemma.
This example was about a woman and Heinz, her husband living in Europe. The woman was affected by cancer. The doctors told her to use an expensive drug to save her life. The pharmacist who also invented that medicine charged ten times the cost of making the drug. Besides his poverty, Heinz took a lot of effort to borrow money, but he could get only half of the amount needed. He approached to the pharmacist and begged him to sell the medicine at a cheaper price or allow him to pay for it later. But the pharmacist refused to do so. Finally, without any hope, Heinz forcibly entered into the pharmacy and stolen the drug. The question here is “Was the theft morally right or …show more content…
They have to solve the problems given by the management, within the limits set by the management.
2.11.4. Social Servant
The role of engineers is not only providing service to others but also their responsibility to the society. The interests of the society can be expressed to the engineers either directly or indirectly. So, the engineers, with the co-operation of the management have the work of receiving society’s directives and satisfying the desires of the society.
2.11.5. Social enabler and Catalyst
The engineer has to play a role of creating a better society and should be the cause of making social changes. Service given by the engineers to the society includes carrying out the social directives. Engineers are needed to help the management and the society to understand their needs and to create decisions about technological development.
2.11.6. Game Player
It cannot said that engineers are servants or masters of anyone. These are playing the economic game rules which may be effective at a given time. Their aim is to play successfully within the organization enjoying the happiness of technological work and the satisfaction of winning and moving ahead in a completive