The attacks on September 11th were a wake-up call for emergency response agencies. It showed that there needed to be a more through approach to preparedness within all levels of governments, with a direct look at how they respond and practices they use for the response and recovery of large-scale incidents. Prior to September 11th, many emergency response agencies prepared for large scale events using lessons learned from prior events. Emergency response agencies implemented preparedness strategies based off of those areas seen as issues from past events. A comprehensive analysis conducted by Gheytanchi, Joseph, Gierlach, Kimpara, Housley, Franco, and Beutler, who wrote “The Dirty Dozen: Twelve Failures of the Hurricane Katrina Response and
