In 1977, Bandura developed the theory of self-efficacy, which had originated from his social cognitive theory. Bandura himself defined self-efficacy as “the belief in one’s capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments.” This essay will explain Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy and discuss how a football coach can appropriately use it to enhance the confidence of young players.
The theory is divided into four sources, all of which contribute to one’s level of self-efficacy. The sources include mastery experiences, or previous successes; vicarious experiences, or the observation of role models; verbal persuasion, or receiving encouragement from external sources and emotional and physiological …show more content…
Self-belief grows following success, whereas if the individual experiences constant failure, it will have the opposite effect (Bandura 1994). By repeatedly missing free throws in basketball, they will have a lower self-efficacy and so will be demotivated. However, Feltz et al., (2008) declared that is important to make sure that the athlete does not become too complacent with these successes, as this way any experience of failure will completely reverse the building of the athlete’s self-efficacy. Mastery experiences is an effective source across all ability levels of sport or exercise because by being successful, the individual will be more motivated to attempt more difficult skills. The coach could make skills gradually harder to ensure mastery …show more content…
In 1977, Bandura declared that despite not being successful previously, individuals still believe they can perform successfully due to being told. However, this method is only effective if the person believes what they are being told, otherwise it is highly unlikely that their self-efficacy level will change (Wallace et al., 2017). By using verbal persuasion, either by an external or internal source, the individual may have lower arousal levels and so more control. Research has shown that weightlifters experienced a decrease in self-efficacy and performance due to poor feedback (Fitzsimmons et al. 1991). Therefore, showing the importance of verbal persuasion.
The final source is emotional and physiological states and it is said to be the weakest source of the theory. In 1995, Maddux identified that emotional experiences are not the product of physiological arousal, leading to separate sources. Maddux and Meier (1995) and Treasure, Monson and Lox (1996) recognised that positive affective states such as happiness increases self-efficacy but negative affective states have the opposite effect, for example in 1994, Bandura portrayed that stress and tension are perceived to be signs of vulnerability to poor performance (Weibell
The theory is divided into four sources, all of which contribute to one’s level of self-efficacy. The sources include mastery experiences, or previous successes; vicarious experiences, or the observation of role models; verbal persuasion, or receiving encouragement from external sources and emotional and physiological …show more content…
Self-belief grows following success, whereas if the individual experiences constant failure, it will have the opposite effect (Bandura 1994). By repeatedly missing free throws in basketball, they will have a lower self-efficacy and so will be demotivated. However, Feltz et al., (2008) declared that is important to make sure that the athlete does not become too complacent with these successes, as this way any experience of failure will completely reverse the building of the athlete’s self-efficacy. Mastery experiences is an effective source across all ability levels of sport or exercise because by being successful, the individual will be more motivated to attempt more difficult skills. The coach could make skills gradually harder to ensure mastery …show more content…
In 1977, Bandura declared that despite not being successful previously, individuals still believe they can perform successfully due to being told. However, this method is only effective if the person believes what they are being told, otherwise it is highly unlikely that their self-efficacy level will change (Wallace et al., 2017). By using verbal persuasion, either by an external or internal source, the individual may have lower arousal levels and so more control. Research has shown that weightlifters experienced a decrease in self-efficacy and performance due to poor feedback (Fitzsimmons et al. 1991). Therefore, showing the importance of verbal persuasion.
The final source is emotional and physiological states and it is said to be the weakest source of the theory. In 1995, Maddux identified that emotional experiences are not the product of physiological arousal, leading to separate sources. Maddux and Meier (1995) and Treasure, Monson and Lox (1996) recognised that positive affective states such as happiness increases self-efficacy but negative affective states have the opposite effect, for example in 1994, Bandura portrayed that stress and tension are perceived to be signs of vulnerability to poor performance (Weibell