Derrick Bell’s After We’re Gone: Prudent Speculations on America in a Post-Racial Epoch reminds us how minorities have suffered oppressions from white supremacy, and that even our Constitution provides only limited protection from such oppression. Thomas Jefferson “expressed the view that blacks should be free, but cannot live in the same government.” During the civil rights movement, African Americans’ goals were to end the racial segregation and discrimination. After blacks won their equality, they were considered separate but equal. Nowadays, many people claim that racism no longer exists; however, the minorities’ struggle with injustice is ubiquitous. They faced a new system of control called the mass incarceration. During the Civil Rights
