Anaesthetics And The Cardioethics: Galen Of Pergamon

In 1997,scientist joseph and charles vacanti, placed a cow's cartilage cell on the back of a living mouse. The scientists wanted to see if they could form a manufactured ear on the rodents back, and the results were amazing. Joseph and charles were able to fabricate a human ear on the mouse. Now, researchers are able to explore the possibility of growing human body parts on the people that don't have that certain part . animal research has been around for almost 150 years when physiology became a science. But back then they didn't have painkillers or anaesthetics, so everything had to be done while the patient was awake. Imagine getting your leg amputated, which happens a lot during this era, without anything to stop the pain. Now in the 2000’s, …show more content…
In The anatomy administrations, a book that he wrote, he detailed precise experimental methods and identified the best instruments to perform specific procedures. As anaesthetics were not discovered until the mid-nineteenth century, his experiments were conducted without any pain medication. In the 1880s and 1890s, Emil von Behring isolated the diphtheria toxin and demonstrated its effects in guinea pigs. He went on to demonstrate immunity against diphtheria in animals in 1898 by injecting a mix of toxin and antitoxin. This work constituted in part the rationale for awarding von Behring the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In 1921, Frederick Banting tied up the pancreatic ducts of dogs and discovered that the isolates of pancreatic secretion could be used to keep dogs with diabetes alive. He followed up these experiments with the chemical isolation of insulin in 1922 with John Macleod. These experiments used bovine sources instead of dogs to improve the supply. The first person treated was Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old diabetic who was diagnosed in 1919, he only weighed 65 pounds and was about to slip into a coma and die. After the first dose, the formulation