In “Varicella Vaccination Program Success” by Steven Novella, the author argues about the people who does not believe in vaccines and how are their arguments formulated. They ignore all the information and statitistics and focus on the smaller problems caused in the investigation, to assure that vaccines are not effective and riskful. However, besides all this, the author states at the end that we should follow more closely the vaccines programs and know that they are useful with the proper regulations. Moreover, Novella starts the article talking about the cognitive dissonance, which is “the state of mind that results when conflict arises between perceived reality and the cherished or learned facts, values, and beliefs regarding that reality.”,…
Prejudice - “an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of race, sex, religion, etc.” In a world filled with a plethora of races in the world, prejudice still seems to be alive and well. Prejudice is something that does not discriminate who it affects and in what situation. The judgements people make based on stereotypes can truly cripple someone or it can even not allow people to resist immersing themselves in culture. The novels The Poisonwood Bible and The Concubine’s Children both show evidence of prejudice but on different sides of the spectrum.…
We live in a world of opposites. Right or left, black or white, to be or not to be… opposing decisions that shape our lives. However antithetical the decision may seem, there is always a compromise. A ‘grey zone’ on the spectrum, where things are vague and mixing. Most of life truly happens in this middle, choosing one side indefinitely feels a bit impractical. ???…
Cognitive dissonance theory is the theory that states that an individual attitudes and actions do not match each other. It is the tendency for an individual to seek balance among our cognition (beliefs, opinions, etc) when there is a discomfort or a buffer (dissonance/inconsistency) between our attitude and our action. To solve this problem, he or she may change something to eliminate or reduce the dissonance. Attitude is the way we feel about a particular way towards an object, people, and events. A real life example is when I was in high school…
Festinger developed a cognitive dissonance theory that exclaimed people feel uncomfortable with inconsistency in their actions and morals and will work to either alter their actions or their opinions to reconcile this dissatisfaction. Avoiding scenarios that exacerbate these feelings is a tactic used to reduce dissonance. Many factors influence how much power this dissonance has over someone. I will be addressing cognitive dissonance and critical thinking issues related to racism and police brutality.…
Daring Greatly by Brene Brown What does it mean to be vulnerable? Vulnerability is defined as, “the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally” (Dictionary.com). In Brene Brown’s book, Daring Greatly, she talks about the truth of vulnerability. Based on twelve years of research, Dr. Brene Brown dispels the myth that vulnerability is weakness and argues that it is, in truth, the most accurate measure of courage.…
Salvation by Langston Hughes is a prime example of believing in something that will never come. This essay took place in Hughes church when he was a child. There was a ceremony to bring all the church children “into the fold”. Hughes was told that Jesus would come and save him. He believed it because his aunt told him that Jesus saved him before.…
In the research article (Salvatore & Shelton, 2007) the effect on cognitive processing by encountering prejudice is being studied. The research that has been done before hand by the authors shows us that even though it is very unlikely that someone would experience obvious prejudice, but many people that belong to minority groups experience prejudice that is implied in different ways that occurs daily. As we know contemporary forms for prejudice are often ambiguous, people that are effected by prejudice may experience cognitive deficiency (Salvatore & Shelton, 2007). There are many theories that state people that are associated with troubled groups have precise strategies for dealing with blatant forms of prejudice. Included in these strategies…
In Politics cognitive dissonance is often used as a strategy to persuade voters. Cognitive dissonance is when a action conflicts with beliefs or preferences, as a result people change their beliefs or preferences to match their actions; “But precisely how to move voters successfully is a matter still not fully understood—and the raison d'etre for political strategists and pundits” (Paragraph 1). Harvard and Stanford universities have concluded that political attitudes are often a result of one’s own actions. These political attitudes can change as a result of cognitive dissonance, “…people adjust their political preferences in order to downplay cognitive dissonance…”(Paragraph 7).…
According to Wyatt (2010), cognitive dissonance is the result of conflict between expectations, values, beliefs or attitude and behaviors or actual results. Based on the case, Jackie has strong beliefs in recycling and she dedicates to it as part of her career. She struggles and contemplates her future with the company and well-paid job when she uncovers Dorf Car Factory has sold several factory shipments of waste material to another company who does not properly dispose of them. The actions taken by Dorf Car Factory is totally against Jackie’s personal value, belief and expectation, which caused Jackie’s cognitive dissonance.…
2. ' Return of the repressed'. Consistent with his earlier observation that genres represent 'different strategies for dealing with the same ideological tensions', Wood's argument that horror dramatises the process of repression and its rupture in ideological terms, is a seminal argument which has since dominated the general landscape of horror writing. (3) Building on the normality/monster paradigm, Wood situates the potential radicalism or conservativism of horror as stemming from this central concept, depending on how the ensuing tensions are dealt with; whether the monster is defeated or 'normality' is not re-established, ambiguity allowed to remain a problem: One might say that the true subject of the horror genre is the struggle for recognition of all that our civilization represses or oppresses: its re-emergence dramatized, as in our nightmares, as an object of horror, a matter for terror, and the 'happy ending' (when it exists) typically signifying the restoration of repression. (4)…
In this paper, I will discuss the orthodox definition of hope expressed in Adrienne Martin’s How We Hope: A Moral Psychology, and emphasize the inherent problems raised by Martin that challenge this definition. Martin derives the ‘orthodox definition’ of hope from the works of Day and Downie introduced in the late 1960s. Day states that “hope involves (1) desiring and (2) estimating a probability” and names these two constituents of hope as the desiderative and the estimative constituents, respectively (Day 89). And this definition has its merits: it seems illogical that A hopes that X will happen if A doesn’t desire X to happen OR X is impossible.…
Sigmund Freud claimed that "neurosis is the inability to tolerate ambiguity. " Ambuigity commonly creates anxiety even for the most well-adjusted individual. Group work calls for a certain amount of nebulousness in the process of developing a safe space and cohesion among members. Yalom and Leszcz (2005) and Corey, Corey, Corey (2010) agree that resistance and conflict can be viewed as positive and in service of moving the group forward. Both authors advocate for the proper and skillful working through resistance, ambuigity, and conflict.…
8. I believe the theory that Bethune’s essay patterns the value added theory because it helps to under the history, applications, and periods of social change. Bethune felt that the White race had so much power, and that the Black race was still fighting for equal rights although there were suppose to be equality. The many principles were structural conduciveness, structural strain which means there is a social problem, and there were many social problems such as educationg, health care, etc. We were all supposed to be American but yet not every one was living the American dream.…
The Valence-based approach versus Cognitive Appraisal Models of Emotion As already mentioned above, there are two main theories that try to explain the role of emotions in JDM: emotional valence and cognitive appraisal models. Both investigate the effects emotions can have on information processing and consequently on choice and judgment. Therefore, they classify emotions in a certain way (for review see Bachkirov 2015; Lerner, Li, Valdesolo & Kassam 2015). In the valence-based approach emotions are classified according to their valence, i.e. the positive versus negative feelings state. Happiness may serve as an example of the first one, and anger as one for the second group.…