Sigmund Freud's Theory Of Personality Differences

Alfred Alder (1870-1937) , "Emphasized on social concepts rather than biological ones" . He rejected the significance of Freud's pleasure principle and believe that "[Everyone] consciously experience feelings of (organ) inferiority and are motivated to compensate for these painful inferiorities", throughout their lives(Cervone & Pervin , 2016) . He added that it is the feelings of inferiority, inadequacy, insecurity, which determines the goal of an individual existence... [and] how a person attempts to cope with such feelings becomes a part of his or her personality function."( Cervone & Pervin , 2016) In other words," people develop lifestyles" based on their ways they cope with these feelings of inferiority . And when "personality conflicts arise it is due to incompatibility between external environmental pressures and internal striving for adequacy, rather being urges within the person". (Gerrig &Zimbardo , 2008) Another contribution that Adler did was his idea that “birth order among siblings could influence their psychological development . This idea later on was expressed by other theorists such as Sulloway, “suggesting that first-borns tend to be conscientious and conservative, preserving their first-place status in the family, whereas later-borns, seeking to establish alternative routes …show more content…
Jung ( 1875-1967) “Emphasized on generalized life energy and on the collective unconscious ” a term that he coined . ( Cervone & Pervin , 2016) Jung believed , the unconscious was a collection of human experiences in which contain , “ universal images or symbols known as Archetypes”. These archetypes are in seen in Cultural phenomena’s , fairytales, religion, myths, dreams etc. The images or symbols (being universal) can represent negative or in positive form depending on the culture. In other words, “Each archetype is associated with an instinctive tendency to feel and think about it or experience it in a special way. (Gerrig &Zimbardo ,