The study of microbiology requires not only understanding the microscopic organisms, but also the understanding of lab techniques and procedures used to identify, control, and manipulate microorganisms. The identification of microorganisms is not only important in microbiology lab, but also in the medical field to identify an agent of a disease that will help treat the patient by using the correct antibiotics to kill off the host. In this unknown lab report, techniques and procedures learned in the microbiology laboratory during the semester that was performed to test ones practical understanding of microbiology. The sole purpose of the unknown lab is to demonstrate understanding of the experimental methods and lab techniques learned during…
In 1942, there was a treatment for Syphilis called penicillin. The experiment’s agreements with the Tuskegee Institute didn’t allow for treatment of any kind so the patients were untreated for the disease to allow for a…
Bubbie asserted to me that if penicillin had existed at that time, it would’ve saved her sister’s life. Perhaps the events during this period caused neglect in certain areas…
Sulfanilamide was discovered by an German biochemist. In 1932 he tested red die with a slightly changed chemical makeup and he found that is was effective. He then tried it on his daughter who was dying from a streptococcal infection and noticed she had major improvements and made a full recovery. However penicillin was discovered in a much more different way. Bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovered germ-killing properties in a secret “mold juice” secreted by penicillium.…
According to Gray (1998), penicillin was widely available as an effective cure for syphilis in the year 1940, but the…
Thompson supports this by using the anecdotal story of discovering penicillin. According to the story Ernest Duchesne, the original discoverer of penicillin conducted an experiment on a series of animals where he eventually found what is now a form of modern penicillin. His research disappeared and it would take thirty-two years for Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming to rediscover penicillin (60). This story on the surface substantiates Thompson’s claim because such a huge opportunity was missed in the medical field, but he uses an example that is not as applicable to the reader’s own…
Some historians credit sulfanilamide with helping the Allied forces claim victory of World War II because it kept their soldiers healthy. Sir Alex Fleming, a bacteriologist form Scotland, discovered penicillin in 1906. Ernst Boris Chain and Howard Walter Florey purified penicillin to use it for research trials on humans to be used as an antibiotic. The three men received a Nobel Prize for their work. Pfizer, a leading pharmaceutical company, mass produced penicillin to protect soldiers from wounds that could lead to infection and possibly gangrene.…
He found that pneumococci come in a pathogenic form and a harmless form. During his research, he injected many different preparations of these bacteria into mice. He heat-killed pathogenic pneumococci and discovered that it was no longer lethal when injected. Griffith was surprised to find that when both heat-killed pathogenic and harmless bacteria were injected into the mice together, the mice were killed and their blood stream was full of live pathogenic bacteria. By growing these “transformed” bacteria in cultures, he found that the change was permanent and the bacteria stayed pathogenic.…
Most of the many inventions from World War II are still in use today. Many lives were forever changed because of the new ideas brought to us during this time period. During World War II, many new inventions and innovations were created that impacted America forever. Many famous and important inventors created their most well-known creations during World War II. Inventions such as penicillin, the atomic bomb, and the microwave are only very few of the inventions that the mastermind inventors created during World War II.…
He attended 3 schools before moving to London including Louden Moor School, Darvel School, and Kilmarnock Academy. In London he attended Polytechnic School and St. Mary’s School. Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin in 1928. Penicillin was made from a Penicillium notatum mold. In 1940 we could use penicillin…
The first mass use of Penicillin was D-Day and was found to be very effective on gangrene…
The bacteria grew because there was a source of food present to help the bacteria grow and reproduce and there was beta lactamase in the DNA plasmid which allowed the cell to become resistant to ampicillin. It ended up glowing after the procedure because the arabinose allowed the green fluorescent protein in the DNA plasmid to be expressed. The araC gene that repressed the green fluorescent protein became repressed by arabinose. The hypothesis about the -pGLO plate containing LB and ampicillin was correct because the bacteria did not grow or glow after the procedure. It did not grow because there was ampicillin present on the plate, which interfered with the cell’s ability to synthesize the cell’s walls and made cell growth impossible.…
Professors in charge of the experiment even gave local doctors a list of the patients, and told them not to treat those men. The study continued for an unplanned 40 years. Even when penicillin (an antibiotic) became available in 1935 and was proven an effective cure for syphilis, these doctors did not include it on the treatments, but instead continued to use the men in this horrifying project. As a result of this study, 423 medicine from related complications of the study, and as a result, many wives and children were also infected with syphilis and suffered its devastating outcome. In 1972, people became aware of the situation and the study ended.…
However, in the late 1930s, when Chain and Florey began to test antibacterial substances, they used a culture of Fleming’s mold that had been maintained at Oxford. Chain found it was an enzyme which attacks a specific bacterial structure. While reviewing the literature on lysozyme, Chain came across the paper by Fleming, published in 1929, describing the chance discovery of a Penicillium mold that apparently dissolved pathogenic bacteria in its vicinity. Chain also found a culture of Fleming’s mold in the School of Pathology. In 1941 it was considered that there was enough penicillin for a limited trial in patients at the Radcliffe Infirmary under the direction of Charles Fletcher.…
Restrictions on Antibiotics The CDC estimates that more than 200,000 people are hospitalized each year with the flu or with flu-related complications. Most people will believe that antibiotics are the resolution to all of their illnesses when in actuality, they are wrong. Antibiotics are not the resolve to every illness, in most cases antibiotics can work negatively. Antibiotic overuse is a serious matter that must be addressed by more people.…