Carbonyl compounds undergo various types of reaction. In these reaction the carbonyl carbon or carbonyl oxygen is prone to attack generally by a nucleophile. Different types of carbonyl compounds undergo different types of reactions and the mechanisms of them are also different. The products or by-products or intermediate products of these reactions are very much useful in laboratory synthesis, industry etc. here we will discuss some very much important reactions which are very important for producing some useful chemical products.
Reactions of aldehyde and ketones – Aldehydes and ketones response to many famous name reactions like Aldol condensation, Benzoin condensation, Cannizaro reaction, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement, …show more content…
Here we will discuss about Claisen ester condensation reaction.
1. Claisen ester condensation – Here we are taking specific example of Ethyl acetate (CH3COOET). When ethyl acetate is treated with strong base like –OET and then the reactants are refluxed then they produces a β-keto ester via several steps. In this case also the last step is most important because it helps to drive the equilibrium of every step in the forward direction. For undergoing this reaction an ester has to have at least two α-hydrogens. If it has not then Ph3C- has to be used as base at the first stage. The mechanism is given below.
Reactions of Carboxylic acids – Carboxylic acids also undergo different important reactions. Some of them are Schmidt reaction, Hunsdiecker reaction Arndt-Eistert synthesis etc. Here we will discuss about Arndt-Eistert synthesis …show more content…
Arndt-Eistert synthesis – This reaction is hugely used for converting a carboxylic acid to its next higher analogue. It increases one carbon atom in an acid and produces its higher analogous acid or its derivatives like amide or ester. Through this process we can make α-amino acid and β-amino acid. The most important step of this reaction is known as Wolff rearrangement. This step converts diazoketone to ketene. This reaction can be catalyzed photochemically or by applying heat or by using silver (Ag) catalyst. This reaction is usually carried out in presence of water which acts as a nucleophile here. The mechanism is given
Reactions of aldehyde and ketones – Aldehydes and ketones response to many famous name reactions like Aldol condensation, Benzoin condensation, Cannizaro reaction, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement, …show more content…
Here we will discuss about Claisen ester condensation reaction.
1. Claisen ester condensation – Here we are taking specific example of Ethyl acetate (CH3COOET). When ethyl acetate is treated with strong base like –OET and then the reactants are refluxed then they produces a β-keto ester via several steps. In this case also the last step is most important because it helps to drive the equilibrium of every step in the forward direction. For undergoing this reaction an ester has to have at least two α-hydrogens. If it has not then Ph3C- has to be used as base at the first stage. The mechanism is given below.
Reactions of Carboxylic acids – Carboxylic acids also undergo different important reactions. Some of them are Schmidt reaction, Hunsdiecker reaction Arndt-Eistert synthesis etc. Here we will discuss about Arndt-Eistert synthesis …show more content…
Arndt-Eistert synthesis – This reaction is hugely used for converting a carboxylic acid to its next higher analogue. It increases one carbon atom in an acid and produces its higher analogous acid or its derivatives like amide or ester. Through this process we can make α-amino acid and β-amino acid. The most important step of this reaction is known as Wolff rearrangement. This step converts diazoketone to ketene. This reaction can be catalyzed photochemically or by applying heat or by using silver (Ag) catalyst. This reaction is usually carried out in presence of water which acts as a nucleophile here. The mechanism is given