Albert Hofmann's Discovery Of LSD

Superior Essays
In 1943, while World War II raged on, in the neutral country of Switzerland, a chemist by the name of Albert Hofmann was working at the Sandos Pharmaceutical Companny’s Bazo Laboratory. At this time Hofmann was looking for a cure for migraine headaches. What he discovered though, would change his life and the world as he knew it. Lysergic acid dielthylamide, commonly known as LSD, is one of the most potent psychedelic drugs known to man. Hofmann synthesized LSD from from ergotamine, a chemical from the fungus, ergot, which is most commonly found growing on rye. (find citation)

In the early days, doctors would use LSD to try and better understand the schizophrenic mind. By stepping into their shoes for several hours, doctors hoped to better
…show more content…
This information was of the utmost importance as “bad trips” were often the result of repressed emotions and childhood trauma. At the first session, the patient was instructed of "the importance of releasing to the experience, knowing that they had help and could ask questions”. The patient was then administered LSD then laid down on a couch, given head phones to listen to music, and we encouraged to take “an inward journey”. A small cloth was also placed over their eyes. The patient would then spend 2-4 hours laying on the couch, going deep within themselves on an exploratory journey. Meanwhile doctors took notes and had a tape recorder to record anything and everything that was said. After roughly 4 hours the patient would be ready to sit up, come out, and discuss what he had experienced. The patient was then shown pictures of his family so he could look at them and spend time with them; doctors regarded this as the most important part the session, especially for people who were there for therapeutic reasons. Patients were also given the opportunity to look into a mirror. Though some patients were frightened by this, they were encouraged to look and accept what they saw. The longer they looked they deeper they saw into who they were, even being able to see their inner self. This was a very powerful way for the patient to see who he truly was. Doctors always arranged for a sitter to take the patient home and sit with them until they went to sleep, to help the patients not feel as though they were being dropped back into

Related Documents

  • Decent Essays

    (Introduction: Concession) When people hear about shamanism and psychedelic drugs they usually jump to a negative conclusion. Shamanism is often viewed as something unnecessary or archaic, and psychedelic drugs are demonized in society. In Daniel Pinchbeck’s, Breaking Open the Head, he discusses shamanism and hallucinogenic drugs in a new light. Through both personal experience and historical evidence he provides information about shamanism and psychedelics. In this essay we will be discussing the different claims that Pinchbeck makes to educated and hopefully persuade the reader to open their minds to a new world.…

    • 92 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “This species was also the original source from which LSD was first isolated.” (“Ergot of Rye – I: Introduction and History”). The Rhine Valley was the first know outbreak of gangrenous ergotism, it was called the “Holy Fire” because of the burning sensation felt in the extremities of those affected (“Ergot of Rye – I: Introduction and History”). “The victims’ toes, fingers, arms and legs often became blackened as a result of gangrene, and would eventually die from the infection in these extremities.” (“Ergot of Rye – I: Introduction and History”).…

    • 729 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Albert Hoffman took it one step further in the late 1930s’, experimenting on lysergic acid with other reagents to create numerous amounts of derivatives (solutions); one of these derivatives was diethylamide, made by the addition of the -N(C2H5)2 group, forming lysergic acid diethylamide or otherwise known as “LSD-” (May 1998). LSD does acquire a decent amount of history behind it, as well as the scientific development from just analyzing an unknown parasite that caused a great disease outbreak in Europe during the Middle Ages to the discovery of lysergic acid combined with a sample derivative to properly create LSD itself, but when does psilocybin get to show its potential once and for all? To begin with, psilocybin is found in all species belonging to the genus Psilocybe (117 species), primarily found in these plant organisms. The name Psilocybe is derived from the Greek roots “psilos” (bare) and “kube” (head), translating into a New Latin term…

    • 1181 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Description of Symptoms Brian Wilson, The Beach Boys front man, suffered from a variety of psychological symptoms for many years. He was originally diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic, but later in his life this diagnosis changed. His psychotic symptoms began in 1963 when he reported hearing indistinct voices in his sleep. Eventually these unclear auditory hallucinations turned into comprehendible speech, and in 2004 Wilson said that when he experienced the voices, they would threaten to kill him and his family. Wilson also suffered from delusions.…

    • 1152 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    MK-Ultra Conspiracy

    • 1132 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The MK-Ultra conspiracy can be proven because we have discovered documents recording gruesome experiments, people have come forward with their struggles through MK-Ultra, and other projects have branched out in addition to this. For 20 years from 1953 to 1973, the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), funded and conducted tests on human subjects, both with and without their knowledge, in an effort to control minds and personalities for espionage. One such project was called MK-Ultra. After WWII, the Cold War soon began to take action. Opposing countries soon became suspicious of each other and began the use of spies. Not only did they have a desire for a spy but they had additional ideas.…

    • 1132 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Psychedelics like LSD and (lysergic acid diethylamide) psilocybin are more known as a party drug than as forms of therapeutic medication. But their likeness to…

    • 662 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Magic Mushrooms Case Study

    • 1286 Words
    • 6 Pages

    A Case for the Legalization of Psychedelic Mushrooms Ever since the era of Woodstock, studies on psychedelics have been halted and the restrictions are harsher than ever before. Luckily, recent studies have discovered that psilocybin (the chemical found in mushrooms) is not only a great spiritual journey for the human mind, but can also be very beneficial for the body and the inner workings of the brain. For example, new studies have discovered that psilocybin decreases the feelings of anxiety and depression in patients with later stages of cancer. Another study found that “magic mushrooms” may be more efficient than over the counter prescriptions for the same purpose.…

    • 1286 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The early years of psychiatric field have provided the media with material for horror stories for ages now. Starting with colonial America, where people chained their ‘disturbed’ relatives and neighbors to the metal poles or locked them in small rooms for their entire lives, and ending with asylums, where doctors and nurses indulged in cruel behavior toward the patients, experimenting with inhumane methods of subduing the insane with lobotomy and electroconvulsive therapy. But is this picture painted by the horror movies entirely accurate? During the colonial times, ‘distracted persons’ were a responsibility of their families.…

    • 1479 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Most current members of society are against the use of LSD in medicine and for recreational use due to the severity and longevity of its effects, as well as the possibility of the user harming themselves or others around them. In fact, people have gathered together to outlaw this drug from nearly every country, excluding Mexico and Portugal. Schools, hospitals, and parents all teach their children from a young age that LSD should never be taken for any purpose since is poses not only a huge burden on families but a burden on the user, both financially and mentally. However, there is a massive movement of people, ranging from young adults to elders, who are fighting to permit recreational LSD use by claiming that the drug can do wonders at discovering and opening our minds for the better.…

    • 492 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this study 73% of the people tested reported having hallucinations. In chapter seven we discussed hallucination as a side effect of hypnosis, drugs, meditation,and drug withdrawal. Hallucinations are defined as perceptions that have no direct external…

    • 1023 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    One may not realize how drugs surround us in our everyday life. There are always new drugs being discovered, and new discoveries on how to get “high”. One of these new drugs is LSD. LSD is used to escape reality and has no medical purpose. LSD effects the body in more ways than one may realize.…

    • 1165 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    My clinical placement was at the New Farm Clinic – Unit 2 (General Psychiatry). Initially, I had mixed emotions about my clinical placement. I felt excited, because I knew it is a great learning experience for me regarding mental health disorders. However, I also felt a little anxious thinking that the patients might be in their period of hallucinations though not to a degree that they are dangerous to me.…

    • 430 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Drugs are exogenous chemicals used to stimulate an atmosphere of revelling, as well as giving feeling of pleasure and altering an individual’s perception of reality. Arnold (2010) clarifies “very few people can live their lives without using some kind of mind altering substances The process of normalisation means something is to become normal and accepted amongst a set group of people. For something to become normalised it must go through social process where the action or idea in question must be seen as normal and its presence is accepted in everyday life and soon becomes taken for granted in society.…

    • 232 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Great Essays

    Project Mkultra Case Study

    • 1336 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Project MKUltra is an exemplary case of human experimentation that as indicated by others damaged essential ethics. Indeed, the part of national security was completely in charge of its creation. In spite of being dynamic for almost a quarter century, extend gained basically zero logical ground. Its long propagation can be ascribed to the officials' absence of responsibility and their perspective of rights. It is these rights that make discussion about the adequacy of other research programs that keep on being uncovered today.…

    • 1336 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The history of hallucinogenic drugs goes as far back as the ancient civilizations. Such as the Chinese, Egyptians, and Sumerians. They used opium s, cannabis, coca leaves, alcohol, peyote, and psychedelic mushrooms. The middle-ages is when we mainly used these drugs for healing. Many where plants such as belladonna and mushrooms.…

    • 988 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays