African males to become a eunuch. The young African males were forced to get an operation to remove their “testes or both testes and penis.” 37 This operation was always performed by Christians in places like “ Baghirmi near Lake Chad, in Ethiopia, and in other locations.” 38 After their operation, they were “ placed in sand up to the navels to heal.” 38 Many people were able to urinate and some people were not. The Africans males who were able to urinate after a couple days were herded off through the Sahara. The Africans males who were not able to urinate were left to die. The African slave trade and slavery were not important in the creating the Indian Ocean World because the Muslims “ forays from what is now Afghanistan and Iran
