Affirmative action has spiraled throughout the years, and after the Supreme Court ruling in 2014, universities may soon find a new way to camouflage race in their admissions.
President Kennedy first introduced the term “affirmative action” in 1961 when he issued Executive Order 10925, and said that it would take affirmative action to mandate equal employment opportunity. Discrimination was still visible in spite of the civil right laws that were in place. On July 2, 1964, President Lyndon Johnson gave a speech to the graduating class at Howard University, where he addressed affirmative action, “You do not take a person who for years has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him to the starting line of a race and then say, ‘you are free to complete with all the others,’ and still justly believe that you have been completely fair” (LBJ Library). He then stated the changes what would take place and that the battle for civil rights was more profound. President Johnson first enforced affirmative action in 1965 when he implemented