These influence of these two strong coalitions can be further examined using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) theory. ACF maintains that at least a decade-long perspective is needed in understanding the implications of a policy or policy issue, and in the context of that perspective, it is crucial to identify the policy subsystems surrounding the issue. Policy subsystems are made up of those from different institutions; be it governmental, academic, advocate organizations, or even journalistic, that are invested in the issue. The subsystem for the CCDA comprises of two separate coalitions, both with very different ideas and beliefs about government funded child care. ACF maintains that influential policy subsystems will involve multiple
