The subjective assessment in this case revealed that Mr Jones had been short of breath lying down . He sat up to pant for breath and after few minutes he felt better . Whilst sitting at edge of the bed to catch his breath he felt dizzy and almost lost consciousness . In the case of fainting or loss of consciousness it is important and acceptable to gain information from a witness (Cox, 2010). Mrs Jones was included in the history taking as she witnessed the event . She noted that Mr Jones had dizzy spells , shortness of breath on exertion and palpitations years ago . His GP identified a heart murmur and referred him to a cardiologist in his local hospital, blood tests, electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO) , followed by a hospital admission for an angiogram were done. Mr Jones was told that he had a leaking valve in his heart and would be referred for the surgery to replace the leaking valve. Mr. Jones was now increasingly breathless and had slept with the use of three pillows , he noted that it was not uncommon for him to wake up or lying down feeling breathless and that this was relieved by sitting up for a short time.
Past medical history
On questioning , Mr Jones noted that he had been suffering with