In 2006, the fear of a child and adolescent epidemic shook society. The thought of a child and adolescent depression epidemic formed from four observations: a rise in antidepressant medication prescribed to adolescents and children, an increase in adolescent suicide, increased rates of long term depression in older generations, and a study in Britain found a rise in emotional problems in adolescents (Costello, Erkanli, and Angold, 2006). To address the profound question as to whether there was an epidemic in child and adolescent depression, or not, Costello et al. (2006) developed a meta-analysis formed from research studies that focused on depression in children and adolescents from the years 1950 to 1990. In addition to concluding if there
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In order to answer the proposed questions, Costello and her colleagues collected research studies from the years 1950 to 1990 that focused on children and adolescents who were diagnosed with major depression disorder (MDD) and major depression episodes (MDE). Participants included in the study were under the age of 19 and had been diagnosed with MDD or MDE by a psychiatrist through a verbal assessment. A grand total of 59,703 observations were collected from the meta-analysis (Costello, et al., 2006) and the data was separated into 15 different sets to make the analysis clear and exact. After a full meta-analysis was conducted, it was concluded that there had been no significant difference between early birth cohorts and older birth cohorts, which answers the research question as to whether younger generations are more likely to be diagnosed with depression opposed to older generations. It was also concluded that there was not a children and adolescent depression epidemic evolving. Alternative, untested explanations given for the four observations that brought about the scare included daily life problems such as puberty and stress (Costello et. el., …show more content…
Two psychologist, Justin W. Patchin and Sameer Hinduja, conducted a research study to understand the relationship between cyberbullying and low self-esteem. Patchin and Hinduja (2009) sought to discover if those who have been bullied or bullied over the internet report different levels in self-esteem compared to those who have not engaged in either activity. It was hypothesized that the results would reflect previous results that derived from research studies that focused on physical bullying, which is that self-esteem in the bullies would be lower than the targeted victims. One thousand nine hundred sixty-three students participated in the research study. The participants were gathered from 30 middle schools, with a focus on 6th-8th graders in the US; although the participants had to participate in the study due to the requirement of the enrollment in the peer conflict class, a required course, the participants were randomly selected. To assess the participants’ self-esteem levels, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) was administered. Then the participants were given two additional surveys which were geared towards the participants’ cyberbullying victimization and cyberbullying offending in the last month. After the multivariate analysis was conducted, Patchin
In order to answer the proposed questions, Costello and her colleagues collected research studies from the years 1950 to 1990 that focused on children and adolescents who were diagnosed with major depression disorder (MDD) and major depression episodes (MDE). Participants included in the study were under the age of 19 and had been diagnosed with MDD or MDE by a psychiatrist through a verbal assessment. A grand total of 59,703 observations were collected from the meta-analysis (Costello, et al., 2006) and the data was separated into 15 different sets to make the analysis clear and exact. After a full meta-analysis was conducted, it was concluded that there had been no significant difference between early birth cohorts and older birth cohorts, which answers the research question as to whether younger generations are more likely to be diagnosed with depression opposed to older generations. It was also concluded that there was not a children and adolescent depression epidemic evolving. Alternative, untested explanations given for the four observations that brought about the scare included daily life problems such as puberty and stress (Costello et. el., …show more content…
Two psychologist, Justin W. Patchin and Sameer Hinduja, conducted a research study to understand the relationship between cyberbullying and low self-esteem. Patchin and Hinduja (2009) sought to discover if those who have been bullied or bullied over the internet report different levels in self-esteem compared to those who have not engaged in either activity. It was hypothesized that the results would reflect previous results that derived from research studies that focused on physical bullying, which is that self-esteem in the bullies would be lower than the targeted victims. One thousand nine hundred sixty-three students participated in the research study. The participants were gathered from 30 middle schools, with a focus on 6th-8th graders in the US; although the participants had to participate in the study due to the requirement of the enrollment in the peer conflict class, a required course, the participants were randomly selected. To assess the participants’ self-esteem levels, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) was administered. Then the participants were given two additional surveys which were geared towards the participants’ cyberbullying victimization and cyberbullying offending in the last month. After the multivariate analysis was conducted, Patchin